These are the actual changes to CC-CEDICT reviewed and processed by the editors.
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| Change log entry 56421 | |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2015-03-04 17:51:30 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 30806 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Previous correction of 風->諷 and English to satire/allegory was rejected, so this time just the character/pinyin change. See MoE 諷諭=諷諫告諭 (although MoE gives feng4) Editor: taken care of elsewhere. Processing this would _eliminate_ 風諭 from the dict |
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# - 風諭 风谕 [feng1 yu4] /satire/ # + 諷諭 讽谕 [feng3 yu4] /satire/ |
| Change log entry 52134 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2013-12-22 10:47:22 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43344 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%BF%E8%94%94 says that both 蘿蔔 and 白蘿蔔 refer to Raphanus sativus longipinnatus and this is certainly my experience in Taiwan (unless something else like 紅蘿蔔 is specified.) For the 菜脯 entry see wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C%E8%84%AF 「菜脯」就是醃製過的蘿蔔乾 |
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- 蘿蔔 萝卜 [luo2 bo5] /radish/CL:條|条[tiao2]/ # + 蘿蔔 萝卜 [luo2 bo5] /radish/white radish/daikon/Raphanus sativus longipinnatus/CL:條|条[tiao2]/ = 白蘿蔔 白萝卜 [bai2 luo2 bo5] /white radish/daikon/Raphanus sativus longipinnatus/ + 菜脯 菜脯 [cai4 pu2] /dried, pickled white radish/ # Editor: + 蘿蔔 萝卜 [luo2 bo5] /radish (Raphanus sativus), esp. white radish 白蘿蔔|白萝卜[bai2 luo2 bo5]/CL:條|条[tiao2]/ |
| Change log entry 52101 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2013-12-19 08:00:06 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 50561 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> This is my dentist's name. See MoE dictionary of variants: http://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/yitic/frc/frc02017.htm (一)ㄨㄣˊ 女性人名用字。《集韻．平聲．文韻》：「妏，女字。」 |
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# 妏 妏 [Wen2] /Used in women's names/ + 妏 妏 [wen2] /(used in female names)/ |
| Change log entry 49861 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2013-08-21 20:51:24 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 37538 - submitted by 'richwarm' >> ## segment 11 / 12 << resubmitted review queue entry 33934 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Taken from the 雙語辭彙 at cwb.gov.tw, although I have tried to improve on some of the English. Editor: Not necessary. 天文 and 日历 seem sufficient. |
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# +天文日曆 天文日历 [tian1 wen2 ri4 li4] /astronomical almanac/ # not sure whether to omit this as a construct and instead to add the meaning "almanac" to the entry for 日曆 |
| Change log entry 49490 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2013-08-04 00:20:46 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42123 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Lots of examples where there is nothing illicit about it. eg this one from Jukuu The Church still regards their relationship as living in sin, but many people nowadays use the phrase as a joke. 教会仍视他们的关系为姘居，但目前许多人却把“姘居”这话当作笑话使用。 MoE's definition also does not include anything about being illicit: 非夫妻關係而發生性關係，並共同生活，通常有鄙視的意思 Editor: 1) Why would people laugh at the use of 姘居 nowadays if it didn't (quaintly) imply that cohabitation is illicit? 2) M's 鄙视的意思 conveys a sense of being illicit. |
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- 姘居 姘居 [pin1 ju1] /to cohabit with a lover in an illicit manner/ # + 姘居 姘居 [pin1 ju1] /to cohabit with a lover/ # Editor added: + 姘居 姘居 [pin1 ju1] /to cohabit with a lover illicitly/ |
| Change log entry 49002 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2013-06-29 09:59:39 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 47721 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Common word - 25m G hits, 43 entries in Jukuu. MoE gives an additional meaning: 茶的種類。宋史˙卷一八四˙食貨志下六：「大觀元年，議提舉茶事司須保驗一路所產茶色高下，價值低昂，而請茶短引以地遠近程以三等之期。」 but none of the Jukuu entries relate to this, and I don't have any personal knowledge of it, so I have not included it. |
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# 茶色 茶色 [cha2 se4] /dark brown/ + 茶色 茶色 [cha2 se4] /dark brown/tawny/ # editor adding: + 茶褐色 茶褐色 [cha2 he4 se4] /dark brown/tawny/ |
| Change log entry 48997 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2013-06-29 09:05:37 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 47722 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Constructs |
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- 暗灰色 暗灰色 [an4 hui1 se4] /dark gray/ - 暗紫色 暗紫色 [an4 zi3 se4] /dark purple/ |
| Change log entry 46131 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2013-02-16 10:01:29 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43347 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> MoE has 豪華奢侈 |
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# 豪奢 豪奢 [hao2 she1] /extravagant/ + 豪奢 豪奢 [hao2 she1] /extravagant/luxurious/ |
| Change log entry 45975 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2013-02-05 11:57:43 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43346 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> I came across this in my travels in Taipei. MoE's dictionary of character variants gives these two meanings: (一)ㄊㄨㄥˊ 磨。見集韻．平聲．東韻。 (二)ㄉㄨㄥˋ 通「洞」、「峒」。 together with suitable references in support http://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/yitic/frc/frc08731.htm Editor: already been changed not long ago. |
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# - 硐 硐 [dong4] /variant of 洞, cave/chamber/pit/ # + 硐 硐 [dong4] /variant of 洞[dong4]/ + 硐 硐 [tong2] /grind/ |
| Change log entry 45063 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-20 02:57:54 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43963 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> 'one-to-one function' is not correct. The original 'one-to-one map between sets in math.' was ok, if not very precise, but your simpler version is misleading. For example a function can map a triplet so long as the set of all possible x,y,z and the set of values that they are mapped onto are the same. eg y=2x is an injection because y can range from -infinity to + infinity and so can x, but y=x squared (x real) s not because x can be negative but y is not, If you want to expand the English rather than just give the translation then you could put something like /injective map (ie a function in which the domain equals the image, math.)/ ============= Editor: In processing this earlier, I wrote: A "surjection" is the same thing as a "one-to-one function". Sorry, I meant: An "injection" is the same thing as a "one-to-one function". injection, surjection ... such confusable terms -- damn Bourbaki! :-) |
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# - 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /one-to-one function/injective map (math.)/ # + 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /injective map (ie a function in which the domain equals the image math.)/ |
| Change log entry 45060 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-19 22:55:40 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43963 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> 'one-to-one function' is not correct. The original 'one-to-one map between sets in math.' was ok, if not very precise, but your simpler version is misleading. For example a function can map a triplet so long as the set of all possible x,y,z and the set of values that they are mapped onto are the same. eg y=2x is an injection because y can range from -infinity to + infinity and so can x, but y=x squared (x real) s not because x can be negative but y is not, If you want to expand the English rather than just give the translation then you could put something like /injective map (ie a function in which the domain equals the image, math.)/ ============= Editor: Responding to six of your comments: 1) "your version is misleading" The two functions you take as examples are f: R --> R, f(x) = 2x g: R --> R, g(x) = x^2 Yes, f is an injection and g is not. But that is *equivalent* to saying ~ "f is a one-to-one function and g is not" It's simply a matter of standard nomenclature in mathematics. A "surjection" is the same thing as a "one-to-one function". "In mathematics, an injective function or an injection is a function that preserves distinctness: it never maps distinct elements of its domain to the same element of its codomain. ... An injective function is also said to be a one-to-one function." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective_function 2) "injective map (ie a function in which the domain equals the image)" You seem to have a misconception about what an injective map is. It's not "a function in which the domain equals the image". There is no requirement of an injective function for the domain and image to have *anything* in common. Far from needing to be equal, they may be disjoint, in fact. e.g. f: {2, 3} --> {4, 6}, f(x) = 2x is a very simple function whose domain consists of two real numbers -- 2 and 3. Its codomain, which is also its image, is {4, 6}. f is an injective function, i.e. a one-to-one function (refer to Wikipedia's definition, quoted above). However, the domain and image are not equal. Indeed, they are disjoint: {2, 3} ∩ {4, 6} = ∅. 3) "y=2x is an injection because y can range from -infinity to + infinity and so can x" It's an injection, but your explanation of why is incorrect. That argument would apply equally well to the function f(x) = x^3 - x (x real), which is *not* an injection, since f(-1) = f(1). The reason "y=2x" is an injection is that distinct elements of the domain map to distinct elements of the codomain. In other words, 2x = 2y => x = y. 4) "... but y=x squared (x real) [is] not [an injection] because x can be negative but y [can] not" It's true that "y=x squared" is not an injection, but your explanation of why is incorrect. That argument would apply equally well to the function y=2^x (x real), which *is* an injection. The reason "y=x squared" is not an injection is that one can find distinct values x and y (e.g. x=3 and y=-3) such that x^2 = y^2. 5) "a function can map a triplet so long as the set of all possible x,y,z and the set of values that they are mapped onto are the same" I have no idea what you are talking about. 6) "The original 'one-to-one map between sets in math.' was ok" That's good to hear, because that definition was written by a professor of mathematics :-) |
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# - 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /one-to-one function/injective map (math.)/ # + 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /injective map (ie a function in which the domain equals the image math.)/ |
| Change log entry 45052 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-19 09:28:58 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43953 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> In maths there are two types of multiplication of two vectors, the scalar product (which we already have) and the vector product (for which we only have one not very precise entry). Wikipedia has it here http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E7%A9%8D 向量積，也被稱為叉積（即交叉乘積）、外積，是一種在向量空間中向量的二元運算。與點積不同，它的運算結果是一個偽向量而不是一個純量。並且兩個向量的叉積與這兩個向量都垂直。 |
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= 數量積 数量积 [shu4 liang4 ji1] /scalar product (of vectors)/ + 向量積 数量积 [xiang4 liang4 ji1] /vector product (of vectors)/ - 叉積 叉积 [cha1 ji1] /cross product/ + 叉積 叉积 [cha1 ji1] /cross product (of vectors)/ |
| Change log entry 45049 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-19 09:03:31 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43952 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> PLEASE IGNORE PREVIOUS VERSION - COPY/PASTE ERROR We have a very large number of entries relating to set theory in maths (including the two shown above), but don't have the Chinese for the union of two sets - a fundamental operation http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E9%9B%86 在集合論和數學的其他分支中，一組集合的聯集（台灣叫做聯集、中國大陸叫做併集）是這些集合的所有元素構成的集合，而不包含其他元素。 |
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= 集合 集合 [ji2 he2] /to gather/to assemble/set (mathematics)/ = 交集 交集 [jiao1 ji2] /intersection (set theory)/ # + 聯集 联集 [lian2 ji2] /union (set theory)/ + 併集 并集 [bing4 ji2] /union (set theory)/ + 聯集 联集 [lian2 ji2] /(Tw) union (set theory)/ |
| Change log entry 45046 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-19 08:35:38 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43950 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> English wikipedia explains here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codomain that 'The codomain is also sometimes referred to as the range but that term is ambiguous as it may also refer to the image.' We have both Chinese terms for image with one referred to as range http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%BC%E5%9F%9F 值域：函數的值域在數學中是函數在定義域中應變數所有值的集合。有時候也稱為像。 Chinese wikipedia here http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%B0%E8%BE%BE%E5%9F%9F Explains in text and graphics that codomain = 上域 Wikipedia English here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijection,_injection_and_surjection uses the most common terms, bijection, injection and surjection for the things referred to in the Chinese equivalent here http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%B0%84%E3%80%81%E5%8F%8C%E5%B0%84%E4%B8%8E%E6%BB%A1%E5%B0%84 as 雙射, 單射 and 滿射 I am therefore proposing a corrections so that our English uses the relevant terms used by English-speaking mathematicians, and adding the one missing term. Editor: As you know, I'm open to further discussion on this or any other submission. But I think that anyone who is reading material containing these sorts of terms should be aware that surjection surjective map surjective function surjective mapping onto mapping etc are all equivalent terms. "the most common terms, bijection, injection and surjection"? I'm not so sure about that. If you look up "surjection", for example, in Wikipedia, you are redirected to the article "Surjective function". I'm also not so sure that "range" can properly be used to refer to the codomain. Some people may use the term "range" loosely or ignorantly, of course, when they mean "codomain". |
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+ 上域 上域 [shang4 yu4] /codomain of a function (math.)/ - 值域 值域 [zhi2 yu4] /range (math.)/ # + 值域 值域 [zhi2 yu4] /image of a function (math.)/range (math.)/ = 像 像 [xiang4] /to resemble/to be like/to look as if/such as/appearance/image/portrait/image under a mapping (math.)/ = 雙射 双射 [shuang1 she4] /bijection/one-to-one map (math.)/ - 滿射 满射 [man3 she4] /surjective map (i.e. map between sets that is onto in math.)/ # + 滿射 满射 [man3 she4] /surjection/surjective map (i.e. map between sets that is onto in math.)/ - 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /injective map (i.e. one-to-one map between sets in math.)/ # + 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /injection (math.)/injective map (i.e. one-to-one map between sets in math.)/ # Editor: adding ~ + 值域 值域 [zhi2 yu4] /image (or range) of a function (math.)/ + 滿射 满射 [man3 she4] /surjective map (math.)/ + 單射 单射 [dan1 she4] /injective map (math.)/ |
| Change log entry 45019 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-18 04:59:56 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43928 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> 20m g hits Moe 眼睛、眼球。 Editor: py --> [yan3 mou2] - 90后纯洁美丽白族少女杨蓉眼眸清澈见底 - 母親的眼眸總是散發著慈愛的光芒。 - 犀利的眼眸 - 李宗翰睿智的眼眸、古铜色的肌肤显得男人味 |
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# 眼眸 眼眸 [yan1 mou3] /eye/ + 眼眸 眼眸 [yan3 mou2] /eyes/ |
| Change log entry 44937 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-14 08:21:35 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43860 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> 祈使句 gets 1.1m g hits and 命令句 gets 23.5 m. For 祈使句 MoE has: 一種表示請求、勸告、命令等語氣的句子。通常省略主詞。如：「請勿吸菸。」亦稱為「命令句」。and it has something very similar for 命令句 Editor: Example of an interrogative sentence, quoted at http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/interrogterm.htm "Am I alone in thinking it odd that a people ingenious enough to invent paper, gunpowder, kites, and any number of other useful objects, and who have a noble history extending back three thousand years, haven't yet worked out that a pair of knitting needles is no way to capture food?" (Bill Bryson, "Notes From a Small Island" - Doubleday, 1995) |
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+ 祈使句 祈使句 [qi2 shi3 ju4] /imperative sentence/ + 命令句 命令句 [ming4 ling4 ju4] /imperative sentence/ = 陳述句 陈述句 [chen2 shu4 ju4] /declarative sentence/ = 感嘆句 感叹句 [gan3 tan4 ju4] /exclamation/exclamatory phrase/ # = 疑問句 疑问句 [yi2 wen4 ju4] /a question (gramm.)/an interrogative sentence/ # Editor: adding ~ - 疑問句 疑问句 [yi2 wen4 ju4] /a question (gramm.)/an interrogative sentence/ + 疑問句 疑问句 [yi2 wen4 ju4] /question (grammar)/interrogative sentence/ |
| Change log entry 44849 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-12-07 06:08:29 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41446 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> MoE gives two main entries for this 田界 and 邊側﹑旁側. Zdict has: 1. 田地的界限。 2. 边：河～。湖～。桥～。耳～。枕～。 3. 〔～援〕横暴，跋扈，如“帝谓文王，无然～～。”亦称“畔换”、“叛换”。 4. 古同“叛”。 There are lots of examples outside the 'bank' or 'field' meaning. My local swimming pool has regulations about the 池畔 (3.7m g hits). Jukuu has entries like" 玩花池，在“吴王井”畔 狗伏在他的身畔 泉畔的生命又恢复常态。 Jukuu has many fewer entries for zdict's third meaning, but it does have He's so aggressive I always feel ill-at-ease in his company. 他太爱寻畔了，因此在他的公司里我老是觉得不自在。 and Jack picked a fight with Barry and came off worst. 杰克寻畔和巴里打架，结果大吃其苦头。 I confess that I am not sure how to reflect this meaning and leave it to others to suggest entries for 尋畔 or 畔援. Editor: Sorry to take so long to process your submission, Alan. 寻畔 in the jukuu examples is a mistake -- should be written 寻衅. Mostly commonly used for the edge of bodies of water: 「好萊塢星光系列」的芭比們則穿著首映典禮、記者會、游泳池畔等不同場合的服飾，比真實的好萊塢明星還美。 In the Hollywood Movie Star Collection, Barbie shows up at movie premieres, press conferences and the poolside. She's actually more beautiful than a real-life Hollywood starlet. but also as in the following example ... 直到父親罹癌讓她辭去工作，在病床畔守了一整年。 Her life changed when her father was diagnosed with cancer, an event that prompted her to quit her job and spend a year at his bedside. |
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- 畔 畔 [pan4] /bank/field-path/ # + 畔 畔 [pan4] /field boundary/-side (used in compounds)/beside/bank (of river etc.)/ + 畔 畔 [pan4] /edge/side/boundary/bank (of a river etc)/shore/ |
| Change log entry 44398 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-11-17 10:04:58 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43351 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Obvious from the two characters, but still a word, I think. |
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+ 花苞 花苞 [hua1 bao1] /flower bud/ |
| Change log entry 44397 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-11-17 09:14:48 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43345 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> MoE gives two meanings: 名：丹紅色的絲織物 形： 橘紅色的 |
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- 緹 缇 [ti2] /orange red silk/ + 緹 缇 [ti2] /orange-red silk/orange-red colored/ |
| Change log entry 44396 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-11-17 06:11:25 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 43342 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> See for example http://www.kavalanwhisky.com/examine/default.asp |
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- 噶瑪蘭 噶玛兰 [Ga2 ma3 lan2] /Kavalan, one of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan/old name of Yilan 宜蘭|宜兰 county, Taiwan/ # + 噶瑪蘭 噶玛兰 [Ga2 ma3 lan2] /Kavalan, one of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan/old name of Yilan 宜蘭|宜兰 county, Taiwan/a brand of single malt whisky from Taiwan/ + 噶瑪蘭 噶玛兰 [Ga2 ma3 lan2] /Kavalan, one of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan/old name of Yilan 宜蘭|宜兰 county, Taiwan/Kavalan, a brand of single malt whisky from Taiwan/ |
| Change log entry 43835 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-10-04 10:44:43 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42622 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> These were featured in a programme on Taiwanese TV about the 中秋節 celebrations. You can see them for sale at http://www.twfirework.com and there are lots of pictures on google images. Baidu has this definition: 仙女棒，也叫手持烟花、手持喷泉。因外形美观，大小不一，形状多样，而且操作简便、安全环保，因此深受小朋友的喜爱。 Editor: "sparkler" has a few other senses |
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# = 仙女 仙女 [xian1 nu:3] /fairy/ # + 仙女棒 仙女棒 [xian1 nu:3 bang4] /sparkler/ + 仙女棒 仙女棒 [xian1 nu:3 bang4] /sparkler (hand-held firework)/ |
| Change log entry 43827 | |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-10-03 18:39:00 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42621 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%A9%AC%E9%B2%9B%E9%B1%BC uses U+29d5a rather than 土 for both trad and simp, and this seems to be the most common in Taiwan. Certainly the Taiwanese TV programme we were just watching used U+29d5a. (My wife, a Taiwan native, insists that only U+29d5a is correct.) I'm not sure what our policy is on characters like this, that rely on Unicode extensions as not everyone will be able to display them. Editor: such characters are not supported. I'll bet your wife would insist on U+29d5a, that 魚 radical is so attractive; but I'll not easily believe that being a native makes her an expert on the "correct" spelling of fish names.:-) MoE has 土魠魚 (for rare chars, MoE usually has an image, so that is not the problem here) |
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# - 土魠魚 土魠鱼 [tu3 tuo1 yu2] /see 馬鮫魚|马鲛鱼[ma3 jiao1 yu2]/ # + U+29d5a魠魚 U+29d5a魠鱼 [tu3 tuo1 yu2] /see 馬鮫魚|马鲛鱼[ma3 jiao1 yu2]/ # - 魠 魠 [tuo1] /see 土魠魚|土魠鱼[tu3 tuo1 yu2]/ # + 魠 魠 [tuo1] /see U+29d5a魠魚|U+29d5a魠鱼[tu3 tuo1 yu2]/ # + U+29d5a U+29d5a [tu3] /see U+29d5a魠魚|U+29d5a魠鱼[tu3 tuo1 yu2]/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-09-24 03:24:28 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42572 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Editor: I meant to include the wording you submitted, so here it is. |
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# - 內地 内地 [nei4 di4] /inland/interior/Mainland China (recent saying in Taiwan)/Japan (saying in Taiwan during Japanese colonization)/ # + 內地 内地 [nei4 di4] /inland/interior/hinterland/Mainland China (as opposed to Hong Kong)/Japan (saying in Taiwan during Japanese colonization)/ |
| Change log entry 43746 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-09-24 03:22:18 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42572 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> I remember learning the definition 'hinterland' in my Chinese classes, and I do think that it is the best for examples like this one in Jukuu The vast hinterland of China, its rapidly growing economy and rising international stature will also provide Hong Kong with highly favorable conditions for its development. 祖国广阔的腹地、快速发展的经济和日益提高的国际地位，也必将为香港的发展提供得天独厚的有利条件。 More importantly, I am pretty sure that 內地 is much more widely used in Hong Kong to describe the rest of China, than in Taiwan, where, 大陸 is the near universal term. There are many more entries for 內地 on Hong Kong than on Taiwan web sites. Hong Kong has organisations like the Hong Kong Mainland Joint Business Liaison Committee - 香港內地商會關席會. Most of the uses of 內地 on Taiwanese websites refer to Taiwan's own interior and most of those where it does mean 'mainland China' either come from Hong Kong or make a specific contrast between Hong Kong and the rest of China. There are also lots of entries on mainland China websites using 內地 in this way. See for example this headline: 香港居民发帖抨击内地游客陋习反响强烈(组图). Indeed the Google news hits for 香港內地 on Xinhua alone (where that headline came from), at 1.6m, are many many times more than the 4,600 news hits for 內地 on all .tw websites. |
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# 大陸 大陆 [da4 lu4] /continent/mainland/CL:個|个[ge4]/ # 大陸 大陆 [Da4 lu4] /mainland China (reference to the PRC)/ - 內地 内地 [nei4 di4] /inland/interior/Mainland China (recent saying in Taiwan)/Japan (saying in Taiwan during Japanese colonization)/ + 內地 内地 [nei4 di4] /inland/interior/hinterland/ + 內地 内地 [Nei4 di4] /mainland China (PRC excluding Hong Kong and Macau, but including islands such as Hainan)/Japan (used in Taiwan during Japanese colonization)/ |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-09-14 19:46:43 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41408 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> MoE gives two meanings 邁開步伐，勇往前進 Almost all the entries on JuKuu are metaphorical but there are a few literal meanings like: Always waltzes into the office30minutes late. 总是悠然地迟到30分钟迈进办公室 I have a slight problem in the translation that the 'forge ahead' sense is often from 邁進一大步or something similar, but I struggle to find a better translation for 邁進 on its own 'advance' or 'make an advance' don't seem quite right. Editor: I understand and share your concern. |
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# 邁進 迈进 [mai4 jin4] /to stride/to forge ahead/ + 邁進 迈进 [mai4 jin4] /to step in/to stride forward/to forge ahead/ |
| Change log entry 43638 | |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-09-13 18:07:20 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41322 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> At the 台北美食饗宴展覽 there were stalls selling 米糆, where the 糆 was perhaps tautological but plainly meant rice noodles. MoE's dictionary of character variants gives 糆 as a variant of 麵 http://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/yitia/fra/fra04763.htm and zdict gives 米屑 I have added all three meanings, although my personal knowledge only extends to 'rice noodles'. Also not sure of the simplified. |
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+ 糆 糆 [mian4] /variant of 麵|面[mian4]/rice noodles/rice fragments/ |
| Change log entry 43589 | |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-09-10 21:00:17 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41326 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Wikipedia has 雅房的情形與套房類似也是單身居住，但不同於套房，套房多半為擁有獨立的衛浴設備以及簡易廚房區可供開伙，雅房則多半需要與他人共享衛浴設備及廚房區域。 Editor: seems right, from "to rent" ads. Probably is about exclusively one-room, like "bedsit", a word I didn't know. |
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# - 套房 套房 [tao4 fang2] /suite/apartment/flat/ # + 套房 套房 [tao4 fang2] /suite/apartment/flat (with own bathroom)/ # + 雅房 雅房 [ya3 fang2] /apartment (with shared bathroom)/bedsit/ + 雅房 雅房 [ya3 fang2] /apartment (with shared bathroom and kitchen)/bedsit/ |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-09-07 21:02:39 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41987 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Construct Editor: correct technical term |
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# - 婚前財產公證 婚前财产公证 [hun1 qian2 cai2 chan3 gong1 zheng4] /prenuptial agreement/dowry contract/ |
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| Processed by: | mdbg (2012-09-07 07:04:31 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41320 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> MoE has 招待賓客的宴席. I have just come back from the 台北美食饗宴展覽 |
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+ 饗宴 飨宴 [xiang3 yan4] /feast/banquet/ |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-08-19 09:27:31 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42132 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> You could say that this is a construct but I don't think it is obvious from our definition of 露露 |
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+ 魚露 鱼露 [yu2 lu4] /fish sauce/ |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-08-18 09:15:08 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42117 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Very common word. I usually see it in meaning computer cable but MoE has 粗的繩狀物 so I guess that it can be any kind of cable. |
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+ 纜線 缆线 [lan3 xian4] /cable/ |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-08-16 18:47:56 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 42070 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> See their web site: http://www.gsk.com/about/company.htm "Headquartered in the UK, we are a global organisation with offices in over 100 countries and major research centres in the UK, USA, Spain, Belgium and China." Editor: thanks. |
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- 葛蘭素史克 葛兰素史克 [Ge3 lan2 su4 shi3 ke4] /GlaxoSmithKline, US pharmaceutical company/ + 葛蘭素史克 葛兰素史克 [Ge3 lan2 su4 shi3 ke4] /GlaxoSmithKline, British pharmaceutical company/ |
| Change log entry 43029 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-08-12 15:05:44 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41988 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Construct |
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- 婚外性接觸 婚外性接触 [hun1 wai4 xing4 jie1 chu4] /extramarital sex/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-08-09 07:09:03 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41911 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Construct |
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- 最後更新 最后更新 [zui4 hou4 geng1 xin1] /latest update/most recent update/ |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-07-30 08:41:06 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41634 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Came across this in a hotel on a short holiday. Lots of g hits. MoE gives 夜間的點心, but Jukuu also has the 'supper' translation which was the context in which I saw it: Gayle： Well a little light supper wouldn't do us any harm? 盖尔：嗯，吃一点消夜，不会有甚麽害处吧？ PS. I would be inclined to write night-time as UK English dictionaries seem to have but as we are being American I have followed Webster which does not have the hyphen. Editor: ok, Wp also says "[...] 常將晚餐時間押後至深夜，故消夜的菜色或份量，有時已跟晚餐無分別 [...]", so I think it's ok to call it "late-night supper", too. (http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%9C) |
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# 消夜 消夜 [xiao1 ye4] /nighttime snack/supper/ + 消夜 消夜 [xiao1 ye4] /nighttime snack/late-night supper/ |
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| Processed by: | vermillon (2012-07-22 16:48:00 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41489 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> I see this in use in Taiwan frequently - eg in the name of one of the restaurants closest to my apartment. If you do a Google search you will see many recent entries - from sites in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. I don't see why it particularly deserves an 'old'. |
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- 敍 敍 [xu4] /old variant of 敘|叙[xu4]/ + 敍 敍 [xu4] /variant of 敘|叙[xu4]/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-07-22 11:00:36 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41488 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Various reports like this one in the Taiwanese press in the last few days: http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aLOC/201207220126.aspx MoE gives the two definitions as 一年中的總收入 and 一年的總支出 It seems to me that 'annual' is an essential part of the definition so I deleted 'revenue'. Editor: The 歲入 entry is an old one, and seems likely to have been copied from the various sources that say "annual income/revenue". But since it seems to have been mindlessly reversed, "revenue" no longer comes after "annual". I think I'll keep "revenue" in the definition, though, since N says "特指国家..." ~ 一年收入的总数；特指国家在预算年度内的总收入。 and "annual income" could easily be taken to be personal income. |
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- 歲入 岁入 [sui4 ru4] /revenue/annual income/ # + 歲入 岁入 [sui4 ru4] /annual income/ + 歲入 岁入 [sui4 ru4] /annual revenue/annual income/ + 歲出 岁出 [sui4 chu1] /annual expenditure/ |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2012-07-12 13:53:56 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 39403 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> My local hospital has two queues at the dispensary, labelled '單號/Odd numbers' and '雙號/even numbers'. MoE has 單號=奇數號碼。如：「這張電影 票是單號的。」 |
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+ 單號 单号 [dan1 hao4] /odd number (on a ticket, house etc)/ + 雙號 双号 [shuang1 hao4] /even number (on a ticket, house etc)/ |
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| Processed by: | vermillon (2012-07-11 13:25:24 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 38658 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> See this article from the weekend's 聯合報 in Taiwan http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN2/6865740.shtml The expression also gets more than 8m g hits I'm not sure whether my English translation is the best (although better than google translate's 'shut off sad, off off off') or whether the expression deserves to be called an idiom. |
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+ 關關難過，關關過 关关难过，关关过 [guan1 guan1 nan2 guo4 , guan1 guan1 guo4] /to meet with great difficulties but pull through/ |
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| Processed by: | vermillon (2012-07-11 11:50:24 GMT) |
| Comment: | << review queue entry 37565 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> |
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- 阻力 阻力 [zu3 li4] /obstacle/hindrance/resistance/obstruction/ + 阻力 阻力 [zu3 li4] /resistance/drag/ # JuKu lists 'obstruction' as one of the translations, but when you look at the examples they are either just mistakes or a little more complicated, eg 有阻力 is translated as to meet with obstruction. I think that either resistance or drag would do for all their sentences. = 磨擦 磨擦 [mo2 ca1] /friction/rubbing/chafing/fig. disharmony/conflict/also written 摩擦[mo2 ca1]/ = 摩擦 摩擦 [mo2 ca1] /friction/rubbing/chafing/fig. disharmony/conflict/also written 磨擦/ = 摩擦力 摩擦力 [mo2 ca1 li4] /friction/ - 摩擦阻力 摩擦阻力 [mo2 ca1 zu3 li4] /parasitic drag/ # Surely this just means friction, and as we already have 摩擦力, I suggest we just drop it (Chinese wikipedia gives 寄生阻力 for parasitic drag and translates 摩擦阻力 as skin friction [one of three components of parasitic drag], but I suspect that the distinction between skin friction and friction is not made in general use.) |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-07-06 02:50:16 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41168 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Construct |
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- 個人衛生 个人卫生 [ge4 ren2 wei4 sheng1] /personal hygiene/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-07-02 13:32:42 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 38661 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> See my entry for 關卡不只有一道 MoE has: 指事情發展的重要階段。如：「他通過層層關卡，終於申請到出國進修的機 會。」 MoE also has something about the stock market, but despite having been COO of the stockbroking division of a global investment bank, I still can't understand what they are talking about. Editor: ka3 --> qia3 The proposed definition doesn't match the quoted MoE example. N ~ 关卡 [guānqiǎ] 1. 名 在交通要道设立的收税站、检查站或岗哨等。 2. 名 比喻不易通过的难关或人为设置的障碍 过去办营业执照要通过许多道关卡 "hurdle, red tape ... CL:道[dao4]" ~ TP ~ 「巴氏量表」是申請外籍看護和政府長期照顧資源的第一道關卡 The Barthel Index is the first threshold that must be cleared by a family that applies for permission to hire a foreign worker to provide home care, ... My reading of MoE's stock-related definition is that it is just the same thing (a barrier) in another context (technical analysis). When a price rises to a certain level and can't seem to go any higher, that's called a 關卡 (maybe what you'd call a "resistance level"?) M ~ 術語。當股價上升至某一價位時，由於供需關係轉變，導致股價停滯不前，這個敏感價位區稱為「關卡」。 |
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- 關卡 关卡 [guan1 ka3] /customs post/tax or road safety inspection station/outpost/ # + 關卡 关卡 [guan1 ka3] /customs post/tax or road safety inspection station/outpost/CL:個|个[ge4]/crucial point in a process/the crux of a problem/CL:道[dao4]/ + 關卡 关卡 [guan1 qia3] /checkpoint (for taxation, security etc)/barrier/hurdle/red tape/CL:個|个[ge4],道[dao4]/Taiwan pr. [guan1 ka3]/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-07-02 12:47:52 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 38660 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Saw this in an article about the Eurozone financial crisis in this weekends 聯合 報 in Taiwan, reproduced here: http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN2/6865740.shtml Editor: There are no more than a handful of examples of this phrase on the Web, according to Google, and in any case, I don't think there is anything tricky about the expression. |
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# 關卡不是只有一道 关卡不是只有一道 [guan1 ka3 bu4 zhi3 you3 yi1 dao4] /there is more than one obstacle to overcome (idiom)/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-06-29 12:14:29 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41038 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> of->for (English grammar) Or should we delete this entry as an easily understood construct? Editor: Looking at the following examples, as well as the J examples, I think we can keep this entry, as I think our definition mostly works better than what some other sources say -- "troublemaker". 「靈堂裡悲憤的死者家屬，正在怒罵推打肇事者！」 "Angry relatives of the deceased are beating the drivers who caused the accident and throwing them out of the funeral parlor!" 但對於開車撞死兒子的肇事者至今不願理賠、逍遙法外一事，他們一直耿耿於懷。 But they are still very bitter that the person who caused the accident got away with breaking the law scot-free. 危害林木的除了蛾類幼蟲，肇事者還有浮塵子、粉蝨等其他生物。 Moth larvae have not been the only pests: they have also included leafhoppers, whitefly and others. |
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- 肇事者 肇事者 [zhao4 shi4 zhe3] /offender/person responsible of an accident/ # + 肇事者 肇事者 [zhao4 shi4 zhe3] /offender/person responsible for an accident/ + 肇事者 肇事者 [zhao4 shi4 zhe3] /offender/culprit/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-06-29 11:54:33 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 41039 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Lots of examples in JuKuu |
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+ 無時無刻 无时无刻 [wu2 shi2 wu2 ke4] /all the time/incessantly/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-05-29 01:33:40 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 40547 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Often seen on invitations to weddings etc. See MoE |
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# 闔第光臨 阖第光临 [he2 di4 guang1 lin2] /The whole family is invited/ + 闔第光臨 阖第光临 [he2 di4 guang1 lin2] /the whole family is invited (idiom)/ |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-05-09 01:09:56 GMT) |
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<< review queue entry 39356 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> The blurb for my recent trip to Vietnam praises Halong Bay thus: 下龍灣在東京灣250哩的海面上，散落著千餘座獨立島嶼，蔚成海上石林齊奇 觀，又名『海上桂林』自然氣勢有過之！ I freely confess to being unhappy with my definition for 蔚成. I know that translating other dictionaries' Chinese definitions is not the right approach and I am sure that my definition lacks something. I hope the editors can improve on it. Editor: Here are some of the contexts in which I encountered 蔚成 ~ 蔚成大观 蔚成风气 蔚成主流 蔚成风尚 蔚成风潮 蔚成大器 蔚成时尚 蔚成大國 蔚成壮观 蔚成熱潮 and here are a few related expressions ~ 蔚为大观 蔚为奇观 蔚为壮观 蔚然成风 I imagine that 蔚成 was originally used to describe the way a plant grows luxuriantly to form an impressive sight, one that is made up of a multitude of leaves or flowers. That usage can be seen in these examples ~ > 大片的黄菊，蔚成金黄世界，煞是好看！ > Every June the great mass of leaves and shoots still broke out into a passionate splendour of scent and crimson color. 每逢6月到来，浓碧的枝叶丛中，猩红馥郁，蔚成一派情如火灼的奇观。 And just as 石林 is a *geological* formation which is described using the forest as a metaphor, 蔚成 came to be used in contexts where the proliferation is non-vegetative -- such as the islets of Ha Long Bay, or the custom of wearing a pager. In Ha Long Bay, the scene is made up of a multitude of islets, and in society there are a multitude of instances of a fashion (such as wearing a pager). In the case of vegetative growth or karst formation, the result is visually impressive, and that's why you are right to feel that there is something like "splendidly" missing from the proposed definition "to form; to constitute". However, when the analogy is extended to the spread of fashions in society, there is no longer a visually appealing result. This all makes it difficult to come up with a short, simple definition that would apply in all contexts. I think that, as a single-word definition, you probably can't do better than "to form" or "to constitute", but of course these words lack the flavour provided in Chinese by the connotations of 蔚. In the end, I decided to retain "to constitute" and "to form" in the definition for their simplicity. My best attempt to capture the full range of senses is ~ "to proliferate and become (a prevailing trend, a magnificent spectacle etc)" Of course "proliferate and become" is virtually a direct character-by-character translation of 蔚成. (The verb 蔚起 means "proliferate" or "flourish".) I added "to consist of a profusion of similar elements which together form (an impressive whole)" mainly by way of explication, rather than as a useful idiomatic formulation (although it happens to apply quite well to the Ha Long Bay example). And finally, I added "proliferation/growth/spread" for the noun sense, seen in expressions such as > 同时丰富校园文化氛围，促进优良学风和校园文明新风尚的蔚成。 > 道德風氣的蔚成 |
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- 蔚 蔚 [wei4] /Artemisia japonica/luxuriant/ # + 蔚 蔚 [wei4] /Artemisia japonica/luxuriant/gorgeous/splendidly/ # As well as our original two meanings, MoE has 文采華美的樣子 (形) and 盛大的樣子(副) # + 蔚成 蔚成 [wei4 cheng2] /to form/to constitute/ # MoE gives 構成、形成 but surely 蔚 here is 'splendidly' as above. Would 'splendidly forms' be better? # But MoE's example 在現代社會裡，佩戴呼叫器已經蔚成一股風氣 is hardly splendid # Editor: + 蔚 蔚 [wei4] /Artemisia japonica/luxuriant/resplendent/impressive/ + 蔚成 蔚成 [wei4 cheng2] /to proliferate and become (a prevailing trend, a magnificent spectacle etc)/to consist of a profusion of similar elements which together form (an impressive whole)/to form/to constitute/proliferation/growth/spread/ |
| Change log entry 41165 | |
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| Processed by: | richwarm (2012-05-03 02:15:56 GMT) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 40146 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Construct Editor: Hehe ... there are actually two other entries for this dish ~ 西紅柿炒蛋 and 番茄炒蛋 so I'm removing them too, along with 牛肉炒麵. Who calls scrambled eggs "scrambled chicken eggs"? What happened to the hyphen in "well-known"? And what on earth is a "Mandarin dish"?! Anyway, my wife makes this dish, and now I think I know why: apparently, it is a "really a good recipe for senility-resisting" ;-) Ref: http://www.travelchinaguide.com/tour/food/chinese-cooking/scrambled-eggs-tomato.htm |
| Diff: |
- 西紅柿炒雞蛋 西红柿炒鸡蛋 [xi1 hong2 shi4 chao3 ji1 dan4] /scrambled chicken egg with fresh tomato (well known Mandarin dish)/ # Editor: also deleting the following three ~ - 西紅柿炒蛋 西红柿炒蛋 [xi1 hong2 shi4 chao3 dan4] /scrambled egg with fresh tomatoes (south China)/same as 番茄炒蛋/ - 番茄炒蛋 番茄炒蛋 [fan1 qie2 chao3 dan4] /scrambled egg with fresh tomatoes (north China)/same as 西紅柿炒蛋|西红柿炒蛋/ - 牛肉炒麵 牛肉炒面 [niu2 rou4 chao3 mian4] /stir-fried noodles with beef/ |
| Change log entry 41000 | |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-04-26 12:07:34 GMT) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 39282 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> Came across the newspaper example cited above. MoE doesn't have the 'people' meaning although there are many examples in Jukuu. I confess being unsure of the best way to express it in English since the real translation (gang, group etc) depends on the measure word (幫，派 ...). No doubt the editors will be able to improve on my suggestion. |
| Diff: |
- 人馬 人马 [ren2 ma3] /Sagittarius (star sign)/men and horses (e.g. on parade)/centaur/ # + 人馬 人马 [ren2 ma3] /men and horses/troops/people (in a group)/Sagittarius (star sign)/centaur/ + 人馬 人马 [ren2 ma3] /men and horses/troops/group of people/troop/staff/centaur/ # #Editor: 人馬座 /Sagittarius/ is already in the dict # Front page headline in TW newspaper 兩派人馬談判失和 鬥毆2人傷送醫 # Juku 1) 他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。 # 2) 刘备带一千人马作后援。 # + 原班人馬 原班人马 [yuan2 ban ren2 ma3] /the original cast/the same group of people/ + 原班人馬 原班人马 [yuan2 ban1 ren2 ma3] /original cast/former team/ # eg Juku 1) 周将会与包括约翰尼·德普、奥兰多·布鲁姆、乔弗瑞·拉什和凯拉·奈特利在内的原班人马合作 # 2) 可是这办不到，谁也不能溜号，而且非要这原班人马不可。 |
| Change log entry 40947 | |
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| Processed by: | ycandau (2012-04-22 18:20:36 GMT) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 38666 - submitted by 'alanwatson' >> To add to my previous arguments (see mails to ycandau and vermillon, Wieger Chinese Characters (first published 1915), gives 骰 shai3 Dices [sic]. I am aware that many of Wieger's explanations of characters, usually taken from the shuo wen, have been overtaken by subsequent research, but this is at least evidence that the pronunciation shai3 is not new and not confined to Taiwan. Editor: what's the use of pushing this kind of argument? What benefit will it be to anybody? Just want to be "right"? substandard and the result of a confusion, that's what everybody says. An old wrong is not a right. |
| Diff: |
# - 骰 骰 [tou2] /dice/ # + 骰 骰 [tou2] /dice/also pr. [shai3]/ |
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