These are the actual changes to CC-CEDICT reviewed and processed by the editors.
Navigation: ◀ ━ ▶
|
|
|
|---|---|
| Link to item | |
| Change log entry 97276 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 20:33:35 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88581 - submitted by 'becky82' >> It's not just "to spend (money, time)"---it works in the other direction too, namely "to cost (money, time)": Money: - 北京看病花了多少钱？ https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6645ddbfe4b0f5cd59e2b6e4.html - 那枚戒指花了我整整三个月的工资，…… https://m.79n.cn/book/559594/ Time: - 写这本书花了他多少时间？ https://www.ituring.com.cn/article/details/97 - 这个一分钟的视频花了我一上午时间 https://www.sina.cn/news/detail/4699543549511384.html (I haven't checked the other glosses.) -------------------- Editor: I think the comment I made on your 花钱 submission may apply here too. The fact that 花 is most naturally translated as "cost" or "take" in some constructions doesn't necessarily mean that these are additional lexical senses of 花. For example, NA defines this sense as "to spend; to expend", but one of its examples (去那儿花了三个小时。) is translated "It took three hours to get there." So NA evidently regards "take" there as arising from the way the Chinese construction is expressed in English, rather than as a separate sense of 花. I haven't found a dictionary that explicitly gives "cost" as a sense of 花. |
| Diff: |
# - 花 花 [hua1] /flower/blossom/CL:朵[duo3],支[zhi1],束[shu4],把[ba3],盆[pen2],簇[cu4]/fancy pattern/florid/to spend (money, time)/(coll.) lecherous/lustful/ # + 花 花 [[hua1]] /flower/blossom/CL:朵[duo3],支[zhi1],束[shu4],把[ba3],盆[pen2],簇[cu4]/fancy pattern/florid/to spend (money, time)/to cost (money, time)/(coll.) lecherous/lustful/ |
| Change log entry 97275 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 20:31:39 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88584 - submitted by 'becky82' >> It looks like the Chinese also functions as an adjective (unlike the English): - 玩摄影的人都知道，这个爱好很花钱。 https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cul/2010/08-11/2460213.shtml - 原本生孩子就挺花钱的，…… https://tidenews.com.cn/news.html?id=3012791 - 上班其实是一个很花钱的事。 https://finance.sina.com.cn/wm/2026-03-20/doc-inhrrrex6831816.shtml?froms=ggmp - 大家都知道备考过程很辛苦也很花钱，…… https://yz.chsi.com.cn/kyzx/jyxd/200610/20061018/631424.html ------------------------- Editor: I'm not sure this requires an adjectival sense of 花钱. Yuen Ren Chao writes in his landmark "A Grammar of Spoken Chinese" (p.69) that "The grammatical meaning of subject and predicate in a Chinese sentence is topic and comment rather than actor and action." As an example, he discusses 这件事早发表了, for which he gives the idiomatic translation "This matter has long been published", but which he also gives a "closer structural translation" of: "(As for) this matter, (one) has long published (it)." 这个爱好很花钱 seems comparable. The hobby itself doesn't literally "spend money"; it is what the sentence is about. We could similarly paraphrase it as "(As for) this hobby, (one) spends a lot of money (on it)." English naturally recasts that as "this hobby is expensive/costly", but that doesn't necessarily make 花钱 adjectival in Chinese. I couldn't find any dictionary that gives an adjectival sense such as "expensive" or 贵 for 花钱. I think dictionaries expect users to understand this sort of topic-comment construction without it being explicitly accounted for in the definition of 花钱. |
| Diff: |
# - 花錢 花钱 [hua1 qian2] /to spend money/ # + 花錢 花钱 [[hua1qian2]] /to spend money/costly; expensive/ |
| Change log entry 97274 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 17:20:27 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87281 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 「校飞」是什么意思呢？通俗点讲，天府机场要迎来第一架飞机落地啦！不过，这架飞机不是我们常见的民航载客飞机，而是专门的民航校验飞机。这种飞机上面搭载着专用的校验设备，校飞团队按照规范，对机场的着陆系统、灯光导航系统、飞行程序等进行检查、校准和评估。 https://sichuan.scol.com.cn/xwtg/202011/57942012.html 校飞，全称飞行校验，是新建机场投产前必须进行的系统性检查程序，通过专用校验飞机对导航设施、通信设备、助航灯光等关键系统进行技术验证，确保符合民航安全运行标准。 校飞 @ 百度百科 ---------- Editor: jiao1 -> jiao4 |
| Diff: |
# 校飛 校飞 [[jiao1fei1]] /flight inspection/ # Editor: + 校飛 校飞 [[jiao4fei1]] /flight inspection; flight calibration/ |
| Change log entry 97273 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 16:18:03 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88552 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 个贷 @ 《中華語文大辭典》 個人消費貸款。 [例] 目前銀行推出的～主要針對房屋貸款。 8月1日起，个人贷款业务将迎来新变化——贷款人要向借款人展示综合融资成本明示表，准确完整反映个人贷款业务中借款人实际承担的融资成本，使「个贷」各项息费告别“糊涂账”，真正实现阳光化、透明化。 https://news.cnr.cn/native/gd/20260724/t20260724_527727822.shtml |
| Diff: |
個貸 个贷 [[ge4dai4]] /personal loan (abbr. for 個人貸款|个人贷款[ge4ren2 dai4kuan3])/ |
| Change log entry 97272 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 16:13:43 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89045 - submitted by 'richwarm' >> PLC, Key and GF all just say "pink", and TP usage indicates "pink". Can we justify retaining the other glosses? |
| Diff: |
- 粉色 粉色 [fen3 se4] /pink/white/erotic/beautiful woman/powdered (with make-up)/ + 粉色 粉色 [[fen3se4]] /pink/ |
| Change log entry 97271 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 16:11:38 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 86372 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 鏢師 biāo shī @ 《重編國語辭典修訂本》 鏢局雇來保護行旅或財物的武士。如：「鏢局裡的鏢師，一身勁裝打扮，可見要出遠門了。」也作「鏢客」、「鑣客」。 镖师 biāoshī @ 《现代汉语词典》 «名» 镖客。 |
| Diff: |
# 鏢師 镖师 [[biao1shi1]] /(old) armed escort/ # Editor: - 鏢客 镖客 [biao1 ke4] /armed escort (of travelers or merchants' caravans)/ + 鏢客 镖客 [[biao1ke4]] /(old) armed escort (of travelers or merchants' caravans)/ + 鏢師 镖师 [[biao1shi1]] /see 鏢客|镖客[biao1ke4]/ |
| Change log entry 97270 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 15:57:00 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88942 - submitted by 'richwarm' >> LA 收容並輔導假釋出獄受刑人的機構。受刑人因服刑期間表現良好，符合法定條件，經有關機關核准予以假釋者，得暫居該機構。期在使受刑人在失去自由到重獲自由的中途，提前完成重新適應社會的準備工作。 輔導長期住院病人出院後恢復健康身心的機構，使能自助自立。 (臺) 暫時收留無家可歸的流浪漢或流浪動物之棲身地，以備再送往可長久居留的處所。 (臺) 收容受到家庭暴力傷害者的庇護性機構。 * * * Ex. 阿莫的新家，「高雄少年學苑」即為專門收容行為偏差少年的「中途之家」，對院中少年來說， A-Mo's new home, the Kaohsiung Youth Academy, is a halfway house which specializes in youth with behavioral problems. 讓許多中途之家的孩子，可以重尋自信、成就感、找到生活重心。 勵馨基金會執行長紀惠容指出，中途之家的未婚媽媽生育寶寶後，有六成決定自行撫養，將近四成則選擇出養。 Chi Hui-jung, chief executive officer of the GHF, says that after giving birth, 60% of the unwed mothers at the halfway house choose to keep and raise their babies, while almost 40% give them up for adoption. （如雛妓救援安置、受暴婦女中途之家等） * * * animals: 近年有朋友在從事關懷流浪動物的工作，她也義不容辭加入，成為貓狗的「中途之家」，目前就有4隻貓、4隻狗在黃桐家打尖住宿。 農委會表示，收容所認養出去的犬貓都有施打狂犬病疫苗，接種後的貓狗即使被咬傷也不會感染，中途之家接手貓咪，或是志工進行TNR時，也都會到獸醫院注射三合一疫苗與狂犬病疫苗。 * * * GV "中途之家" site:.tw - 221k "中途之家" site:.cn - 7k |
| Diff: |
中途之家 中途之家 [[zhong1tu2 zhi1 jia1]] /(Tw) halfway house (for released prisoners, victims of domestic violence etc)/(Tw) (for animals) foster home providing temporary care pending adoption or release/ |
| Change log entry 97269 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 15:50:29 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89032 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 大概在几年前甚至更早，人们总是乐于把坐在每栋宿舍楼下值班室里的阿姨叫做“宿管”。 https://news.blcu.edu.cn/info/1035/15642.htm 在我国众多高校中，宿管作为一种特殊的职业群体，其年龄层分布普遍集中在四五十岁之间。 https://m.huxiu.com/article/1754453.html |
| Diff: |
宿管 宿管 [[su4guan3]] /dormitory management (abbr. for 宿舍管理|宿舍管理[su4she4 guan3li3])/dormitory supervisor/ |
| Change log entry 97268 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 15:45:20 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88636 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 筋膜枪 @ 百度百科 筋膜枪，也称深层肌筋膜冲击仪，是一种便携式软组织康复工具 [1] [20]，由高速电机和枪头组成 [2]，主要功能是激活和放松肌肉、缓解疼痛。 |
| Diff: |
# + 筋膜炎 筋膜炎 [[jin1mo2yan2]] /fascitis; fasciitis/ + 筋膜槍 筋膜枪 [[jin1mo2qiang1]] /fascia gun; fascia massage gun/ # Editor: + 筋膜炎 筋膜炎 [[jin1mo2yan2]] /(medicine) fasciitis/ |
| Change log entry 97267 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 15:37:54 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88313 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 燧原科技这次次IPO拟募资60亿元（人民币，下同，11亿新元），发行10%至15%的股份，募资所得将用于第五代和第六代AI晶片系列产品研发及产业化项目，以及先进人工智能软硬件协同创新项目。 https://www.zaobao.com/news/china/story20260710-9343631 新元 xīnyuán @ 《中華語文大辭典〉 1.新加坡的法定貨幣。一般以「S$」符號表示。舊稱「坡幣」。也作「新幣」、「新加坡元」。 2.新春元旦；一年的第一天。 [例]～將至。 3.〈書〉新的年號。 [例]及用四分以來，考之行度，密於太初，是又～，效於今者也（《續漢書志‧第二‧律曆志中》）。 新元 xīnyuán @ 《全球华语大词典》 新加坡元的简称。 |
| Diff: |
# 新元 新元 [[Xin1yuan2]] /Singapore dollar (abbr. for 新加坡元[Xin1jia1po1 Yuan2])/ # Editor: + 新元 新元 [[xin1yuan2]] /Singapore dollar/ |
| Change log entry 97266 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-23 14:50:37 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89048 - submitted by 'cws' >> from reference's syntax: https://cc-cedict.org/wiki/references "see" - use this when the definitions are the same "variant of" - use this instead of "see" when the pinyin is also the same Deprecated also written Usually corresponds to “variant of” or “see” depending on whether the pinyin is the same or different. ---------- Editor: Thanks, but this has already been processed |
| Diff: |
# - 明瞭 明了 [ming2 liao3] /to understand clearly/to be clear about/plain/clear/ # + 明瞭 明了 [[ming2liao3]] /variant of 明了[ming2liao3]/ # - 明了 明了 [ming2 liao3] /to understand clearly/to be clear about/plain/clear/also written 明瞭|明了[ming2 liao3]/ # + 明了 明了 [[ming2liao3]] /to understand clearly; to be clear about/plain; clear/ |
| Change log entry 97265 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 11:09:44 UTC) |
| Comment: |
/to understand; to be clear about; clear; comprehensible/ 八歲的龍女，對於佛陀的微妙佛法，都能立即明瞭。 流傳甚廣的一個故事是一富貴家族後來落敗……多年未見的好友在飲完一杯茶後淚流滿面，明瞭了主人的窘境。 她對整個公司核心競爭力的需求，以及這個需求和目前的差距都非常明瞭，對員工的能力也都很清楚。 楊德昌說，人過中年、腳步慢了，現在只想以簡單的態度來拍一部明瞭的電影，所以就取了一個最簡單的片名《一一》。 簡單明瞭地表現 明瞭的通俗的社會文學, |
| Diff: |
- 明瞭 明了 [ming2 liao3] /to understand clearly/to be clear about/plain/clear/ + 明瞭 明了 [[ming2liao3]] /to understand; to be clear about; clear; comprehensible/ # - 明了 明了 [ming2 liao3] /to understand clearly/to be clear about/plain/clear/also written 明瞭|明了[ming2 liao3]/ + 明了 明了 [[ming2liao3]] /variant of 明瞭|明了[ming2liao3]/ |
| Change log entry 97264 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 10:45:34 UTC) |
| Comment: |
v2 與君歌一曲，請君為我傾耳聽。 鐘鼓饌玉不足貴，但願長醉不願醒。 |
| Diff: |
- 傾耳 倾耳 [qing1 er3] /to prick up one's ear/to listen attentively/ + 傾耳 倾耳 [[qing1er3]] /(literary) to listen attentively/ |
| Change log entry 97263 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 10:39:56 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 砝碼 砝码 [fa3 ma3] /standard weight (used on a balance scale)/ + 砝碼 砝码 [[fa3ma3]] /calibrated weight (used with a balance)/ # - 法碼 法码 [fa3 ma3] /variant of 砝碼|砝码[fa3 ma3]/ + 法碼 法码 [[fa3ma3]] /variant of 砝碼|砝码[fa3ma3]/ # - 法馬 法马 [fa3 ma3] /variant of 砝碼|砝码[fa3 ma3]/ + 法馬 法马 [[fa3ma3]] /variant of 砝碼|砝码[fa3ma3]/ |
| Change log entry 97262 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 10:32:31 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 普丁 普丁 [Pu3 ding1] /(Tw) Vladimir Putin (1952-), president of Russia/ + 普丁 普丁 [[Pu3ding1]] /(Tw) Vladimir Putin (1952–), Russian president/ - 普京 普京 [Pu3 jing1] /Vladimir Putin (1952-), president of Russia/ + 普京 普京 [[Pu3jing1]] /Vladimir Putin (1952–), Russian president/ |
| Change log entry 97261 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 09:46:17 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88738 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 盐业 yányè @ 《现代汉语规范词典》 〈名〉生产、管理、经营食盐的产业。 |
| Diff: |
鹽業 盐业 [[yan2ye4]] /salt industry/ |
| Change log entry 97260 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 09:45:21 UTC) |
| Comment: | The definition is incorrect: 荆楚网 is a Hubei news website, not an IPTV network. I don't think this regional news-site name warrants an entry, so deletion seems preferable to redefining it. |
| Diff: |
- 荊楚網 荆楚网 [jing1 chu3 wang3] /IPTV (PRC media network)/ |
| Change log entry 97259 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 09:35:14 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88883 - submitted by 'encn' >> baidu baike doesn't have this |
| Diff: |
- 荊楚網視 荆楚网视 [jing1 chu3 wang3 shi4] /IPTV (PRC media network)/ |
| Change log entry 97258 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 06:21:07 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88882 - submitted by 'encn' >> should be 国家级旅游度假区 ------------------- Editor: They are both valid terms, and each has its own Wikipedia article. 国家级旅游度假区 is the newer classification term, while the older 国家旅游度假区 remains part of official names such as 上海佘山国家旅游度假区 and 苏州太湖国家旅游度假区. For example, Baidu Baike describes 上海佘山国家旅游度假区 as a 国家级旅游度假区 in Shanghai's Songjiang District. |
| Diff: |
- 國家旅遊度假區 国家旅游度假区 [guo2 jia1 lu:3 you2 du4 jia4 qu1] /National Resort District (PRC)/ # Editor: + 國家旅遊度假區 国家旅游度假区 [[guo2jia1 lu:3you2 du4jia4qu1]] /national tourist resort (PRC official designation)/ + 國家級旅遊度假區 国家级旅游度假区 [[guo2jia1ji2 lu:3you2 du4jia4qu1]] /national-level tourist resort/ |
| Change log entry 97257 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 06:00:34 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88885 - submitted by 'encn' >> actually it's called 特氟龙 in mainland china ----------------- Editor: 特富龍 is a PRC rendering of the Teflon trademark used by its owner, the American company Chemours. https://www.chemours.cn/industries-applications/application-development/continuous-innovation I deleted the (loanword) labels. I don't think they help much in this sort of case. Teflon is a product name, and we generally don't use "loanword" with transliterated names (personal names, place names etc -- 普京 or 佛罗里达 etc). Consider 萊卡 / 吉普 / 索尼 / 奧迪 / 勞力士 / 可口可樂 - none of these have loanword labels, and I don't think they should. |
| Diff: |
- 特富龍 特富龙 [[Te4fu4long2]] /(PRC) (loanword) Teflon/ # + 特氟龍 特氟龙 [[Te4fu2long2]] /(loanword) Teflon/ # Editor: + 特富龍 特富龙 [[Te4fu4long2]] /(PRC) Teflon (trademark)/ + 特氟龍 特氟龙 [[te4fu2long2]] /Teflon; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/ - 聚四氟乙烯 聚四氟乙烯 [[ju4si4fu2yi3xi1]] /polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), trademarked as Teflon/ + 聚四氟乙烯 聚四氟乙烯 [[ju4si4fu2yi3xi1]] /polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (often referred to by the trademark Teflon)/ - 塑料王 塑料王 [[su4liao4wang2]] /"super plastic" (term used to refer to Teflon)/ + 塑料王 塑料王 [[su4liao4wang2]] /"king of plastics" (nickname for polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)/ - 鐵氟龍 铁氟龙 [[Tie3fu2long2]] /(Tw) (loanword) Teflon/ + 鐵氟龍 铁氟龙 [[tie3fu2long2]] /(Tw) Teflon; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/ |
| Change log entry 97256 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 01:17:07 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88886 - submitted by 'encn' >> 驻/大陆 |
| Diff: |
- 駐大陸 驻大陆 [zhu4 da4 lu4] /stationed on the continent (i.e. PRC)/ |
| Change log entry 97255 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-23 01:13:50 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89046 - submitted by 'cws' >> changed `variant of 瞭|了[liao3]` to `see 瞭|了[liao3]` 瞭 了 [[liao3]] /(bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly/ 了 了 [[liao3]] /to finish/(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4bu5liao3] "cannot forget")/(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least/variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ From the definition above, 了[liao3] is a variant of 瞭[liao3]. However, we have this definition: 瞭解 了解 [[liao3jie3]] /variant of 了解[liao3jie3]/ 瞭[liao3] cannot be a variant of 了[liao3] though. 瞭[liao3] has one meaning as compared to 了[liao3] with four meanings/uses. Add to the fact that 了[liao3] was existing for centuries, it appears that 瞭[liao3] is a modern creation ===== Inquiry from Gemini 瞭 了 [[liao3]] /(bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly/ 了 了 [[liao3]] /..other definitions are stripped../variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ 瞭解 了解 [[liao3jie3]] /variant of 了解[liao3jie3]/ but how come 瞭解 is a variant of 了解? why not 了解 is a variant of 瞭解? Gemini's answer: 了解 is the primary, standard form because the simple character 了 (liǎo) independently carries the historical meaning of "clear" or "to understand," predating the use of the more complex 瞭 in this context. Rather than 了解 being a "simplified" or lazy version of 瞭解, the reverse is closer to the truth: 瞭解 is an elaborated, visually-specific offshoot of the original word. The Original Meaning of 了 While most learners first encounter 了 as a grammatical particle (le) or a verb for finishing (liǎo, as in 完了), classical Chinese also used 了 to mean "clear" or "understood." You can see this preserved in idioms like 了然於心 (liǎorán yú xīn - to understand clearly in one's heart). Because of this, 了解 has been the correct and logical way to write the word for centuries. The Creation of 瞭 The character 瞭 was created later by adding the "eye" radical (目). It was originally designed to describe physical eyesight—specifically "to look from afar" (瞭望, liàowàng) or "bright, clear vision." Because the concepts of "seeing clearly" and "understanding clearly" overlap conceptually, writers gradually started substituting 了 with 瞭 to emphasize mental clarity through a visual metaphor. Official Standardization Dictionary maintainers (like CC-CEDICT) list 了解 as the main entry and 瞭解 as the variant because both major modern standardization bodies agree: Traditional Chinese (Taiwan/Hong Kong): The Taiwan Ministry of Education's official dictionary explicitly designates 了解 as the orthodox, standard form. 瞭解 is accepted in daily writing but is technically classified as a variant. Simplified Chinese (Mainland China): During the character simplification process in the 20th century, the liǎo pronunciation of 瞭 was officially merged back into the simpler 了 to reduce stroke counts. In mainland China today, 了解 is the only correct form, and 瞭 is strictly reserved for the liào pronunciation (like looking from a watchtower). RE Gemini's answer: Rather than 了解 being a "simplified" or lazy version of 瞭解, the reverse is closer to the truth: 瞭解 is an elaborated, visually-specific offshoot of the original word. The character 瞭 was created later by adding the "eye" radical (目). Because the concepts of "seeing clearly" and "understanding clearly" overlap conceptually, writers gradually started substituting 了 with 瞭 to emphasize mental clarity through a visual metaphor. If 瞭[liao3] were to be documented as a visual variant of 瞭|了[liao3] entry, how it should be defined in CC-CEDICT? Are there other kinds of these variants? Where the variant+pronunciation can only be substituted for one very specific meaning from a character+pronunciation with multiple meanings ================================ Editor: I see that kbaiko has already rejected the diff and explained the relevant reference syntax. I agree with his handling of the submission, but I would like to add some comments about the assumptions that appear to have prompted it. In your recent submission concerning 當啷, you wrote: > I have a tool that converts simplified to traditional. Even though the two words (噹啷 and 當啷) have exactly the same definition [...], the algorithm won't be able to infer which word is more significant or canon for the traditional writing of the 当啷. and: > Demoting 當啷 to a variant will help the algorithm to choose 噹啷 as the traditional of 当啷. For that particular word, 当啷 → 噹啷 may be a well-supported conversion, and treating 當啷 as a variant may be lexicographically appropriate. However, THE DIRECTION OF A CC-CEDICT VARIANT REFERENCE DOES NOT IN GENERAL ESTABLISH ONE FORM AS THE GLOBALLY CANONICAL TRADITIONAL FORM FOR CONVERSION PURPOSES. Where practicable, we normally put the less common form on the variant side, but variant relationships and spelling preferences may be specific to a particular word or sense (see below). It is also important to distinguish the direction of a variant relationship from the semantic scope of the reference. An unparenthesized reference such as /variant of Y/ indicates that the complete definition of the referenced entry applies at that point and may be substituted by an app. When only a particular sense is shared, while the referenced entry also has senses that do not apply to the variant form, we state the applicable definition explicitly and put "(variant of Y)" in parentheses. This tells an app to display the stated definition and variant note without substituting Y's complete definition. For example: 哀號 哀号 [[ai1hao2]] /to wail; to cry piteously (variant of 哀嚎[ai1hao2])/ 哀嚎 哀嚎 [[ai1hao2]] /to wail; to cry piteously/(of a wild animal) to howl/ 哀號 is a variant spelling of 哀嚎 in the first sense, but the additional wild-animal sense of 哀嚎 does not apply to 哀號. If we wrote only /variant of 哀嚎[ai1hao2]/, an app would be expected to substitute the complete definition of 哀嚎 and incorrectly import that additional sense. In the present case, the shared sense has already been isolated in a separate single-sense entry: 瞭 了 [[liao3]] /(bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly/ The unparenthesized /variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ occurs as one sense within the entry for "了 了 [[liao3]]". It tells an app that the complete definition of that particular single-sense target entry may be inserted at that point. It does not imply that all the other senses of 了 are also meanings of 瞭. The fact that the "了 了 [[liao3]]" entry has several senses while the "瞭 了 [[liao3]]" entry has only one is therefore not an inconsistency; it is precisely why the reference is placed as a separate sense in the "了 了 [[liao3]]" entry. LA adopts essentially the same sense-specific analysis. After giving the other senses of 了[liao3], it adds: 明白；清楚。同「瞭」。 https://www.moedict.tw/~了 Thus, the fact that 了 has a wider semantic range does not prevent it from being treated as equivalent to 瞭 within their shared sense. Nor does this syntax make a historical claim that 了 developed from 瞭. The age or etymological origin of the characters is a separate matter from how their variant relationship is represented in entries describing modern usage. If we instead regarded 了 as the main traditional form for the shared "clear in one's mind; understand clearly" sense, we could put that definition directly in the entry for "了 了 [[liao3]]" and define the corresponding sense of 瞭 explicitly as: /clear in one's mind; to understand clearly (variant of 了[liao3])/ The variant note would need to be parenthetical because the complete, polysemous definition of 了 could not safely be substituted into the entry for 瞭. That would be a possible alternative organization, but it would reflect a different editorial decision about which traditional form should serve as the main form for this particular sense. The treatment of 瞭解 as a variant of 了解 does not by itself establish that 了 should be the main traditional form in every word containing this morpheme. Preferred spellings can be word-specific. A corpus of Taiwan Panorama (TP) articles provides useful evidence of this: * among the occurrences of the word "míngliǎo" in TP, 32 are written 明瞭 and none 明了; * there are 27 instances of 瞭若指掌 and none of 了若指掌. Yet 了解 is evidently more common than 瞭解. This suggests that 了解 has its own word-specific spelling preference, whereas 瞭 is strongly preferred in at least some other words involving the relevant "liǎo" sense. It also provides some support for the present choice of 瞭 as the main traditional form in the single-sense 瞭|了[liao3] entry, although evidence from other sources could of course also be considered. A simplified-to-traditional converter therefore has to operate at word level and sometimes contextually. For example, a converter targeting the traditional spelling preferences found in TP might produce: * 了解 → 了解 * 明了 → 明瞭 * 了若指掌 → 瞭若指掌 There is no single traditional replacement for simplified 了 that can be inferred from the direction of one CC-CEDICT variant reference. The 当啷 case concerns the preferred traditional spelling of one complete word and may therefore supply a straightforward word-level conversion. It does not establish that variant references can be used to derive a globally preferred conversion for an individual polysemous character. Changing /variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ to /see 瞭|了[liao3]/ would produce much the same substituted definition, but it would discard the relevant information that the forms are variants with the same pronunciation. It would not improve the lexicographical description and, most importantly, IT WOULD NOT RESOLVE THE UNDERLYING CONVERSION PROBLEM. More generally, for future submissions, please first establish that the existing entry has a lexicographical problem, and support that conclusion with concise evidence from reliable sources or actual usage. CC-CEDICT entries should not be changed merely to make a particular conversion script produce a desired output. If the difficulty concerns how CC-CEDICT syntax should be interpreted by software, it would be better to ask about that separately before submitting a diff. Please also state the argument briefly in your own words rather than pasting lengthy passages of AI-generated text. * * * P.S. A separate point concerns the historical account quoted from Gemini, which also appears oversimplified. MOE has separate entries for 明瞭 and 明了, citing Song-dynasty examples of 明瞭, as well as a Yuan example and an example from the "Book of the Later Han" for 明了. The Song examples of 明瞭 concern visual clarity rather than specifically mental understanding, so they do not establish complete semantic equivalence at that date. They do, however, establish a textual tradition for 瞭[liao3] going back at least to the Song; it is certainly not merely a modern creation. Even if 瞭 developed later than 了, that would be very different from saying that it was created in modern times. |
| Diff: |
# - 了 了 [[liao3]] /to finish/(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4bu5liao3] "cannot forget")/(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least/variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ # + 了 了 [[liao3]] /to finish/(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4bu5liao3] "cannot forget")/(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least/see 瞭|了[liao3]/ |
| Change log entry 97254 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 18:51:21 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87896 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 钩织 gōuzhī @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈动〉用钩针编织：～围巾｜传统手工～◇～故事。 |
| Diff: |
鉤織 钩织 [[gou1zhi1]] /to crochet/ # Editor: - 鉤編 钩编 [gou1 bian1] /to crochet/ + 鉤編 钩编 [[gou1bian1]] /to crochet/ |
| Change log entry 97253 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 18:47:33 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87252 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 國際名導阿莫多瓦自傳式故事集《最後的夢》，以非典型格式紀錄人生酸甜苦辣 https://meet.eslite.com/tw/tc/article/202411010001 西班牙名導阿莫多瓦（Pedro Almodóva）今年帶著新作「苦澀的聖誕節」叩關坎城影展最高榮譽金棕櫚獎，這是他生涯第7度入選。 https://stars.udn.com/star/story/10090/9515010 81岁名导马丁·斯科塞斯 获柏林电影节终身成就奖 |
| Diff: |
# 名導 名导 [[ming2dao3]] /famous director/ # Editor: + 名導 名导 [[ming2dao3]] /famous film director/ |
| Change log entry 97252 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 17:00:11 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87419 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 祸心 huòxīn @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈名〉作恶的念头：包藏～。 |
| Diff: |
禍心 祸心 [[huo4xin1]] /evil intent; malice/ |
| Change log entry 97251 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:52:59 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88671 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 钛合金 tàihéjīn @ 《现代汉语规范词典》 〈名〉以钛为基的合金的总称。具有密度小、强度高、耐腐蚀等特点，是航空、造船和化学等工业的重要材料。 |
| Diff: |
鈦合金 钛合金 [[tai4he2jin1]] /titanium alloy/ |
| Change log entry 97250 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:51:49 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88961 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 重操旧业 is more common. |
| Diff: |
- 重操舊業 重操旧业 [chong2 cao1 jiu4 ye4] /to resume one's old trade (idiom)/ + 重操舊業 重操旧业 [[chong2cao1-jiu4ye4]] /(idiom) to resume one's old trade/ - 重溫舊業 重温旧业 [chong2 wen1 jiu4 ye4] /to resume one's old trade (idiom)/ + 重溫舊業 重温旧业 [[chong2wen1-jiu4ye4]] /see 重操舊業|重操旧业[chong2cao1-jiu4ye4]/ |
| Change log entry 97249 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:44:21 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88600 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 大動肝火 dà dòng gān huǒ @ 《重編國語辭典修訂本》 大發脾氣。如：「何必為一點小事大動肝火？」 |
| Diff: |
# 大動肝火 大动肝火 [[da4dong4-gan1huo3]] /to fly into a rage; to be furious/ # Editor: + 大動肝火 大动肝火 [[da4dong4-gan1huo3]] /(idiom) to fly into a rage; to lose one's temper/ - 動肝火 动肝火 [dong4 gan1 huo3] /to get angry/ + 動肝火 动肝火 [[dong4 gan1huo3]] /to fly into a rage; to lose one's temper/ |
| Change log entry 97248 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:33:48 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88739 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 7月29日，「沽空」机构Emerson Analytics（下称艾默生研究）发布针对南方能源的做空报告，称南方能源在上市申请阶段就已经开始造假，从2013到2018年，收入被夸大约5倍，且部分年份公司并无盈利。 https://www.jiemian.com/article/3370396.html |
| Diff: |
沽空 沽空 [[gu1kong1]] /(finance) to short sell/ # Editor: - 賣空 卖空 [mai4 kong1] /to sell short (finance)/ + 賣空 卖空 [[mai4kong1]] /(finance) to short sell/ - 做空 做空 [zuo4 kong1] /to sell short (finance)/ + 做空 做空 [[zuo4kong1]] /(finance) to short sell/ |
| Change log entry 97247 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:29:11 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88870 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 老窝 lǎowō @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈名〉❶ 鸟、兽长期栖息的处所。❷ 借指坏人盘踞的地方：端敌人的～。 |
| Diff: |
# 老窩 老窝 [[lao3wo1]] /(of birds) nest; (of wild animals) den/(fig.) (of bad people) lair; hideout/ # Editor: + 老窩 老窝 [[lao3wo1]] /nest; den (for animals)/(fig.) lair; hideout (for criminals)/ |
| Change log entry 97246 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:23:59 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87921 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 美S-97新型武直高调亮相 最大时速超460公里 https://mil.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJFExY 土耳其武直关键设备被美卡脖子 巴基斯坦也躺枪了 http://www.banyuetan.org/jsejy/detail/20190723/1000200033136131563845790119982295_1.html |
| Diff: |
武直 武直 [[wu3zhi2]] /attack helicopter (abbr. for 武裝直升機|武装直升机[wu3zhuang1 zhi2sheng1ji1])/ |
| Change log entry 97245 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:19:35 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89024 - submitted by 'richwarm' >> There is no element of "brilliance" in the meaning of 纷呈. That part of the existing definition seems to have been inferred from the common collocation 精彩纷呈, but it belongs to 精彩, not 纷呈. 那透明的轻纱根本遮掩不住身上的私-密之处，妙相纷呈，脂香扑鼻。 国际刑法学界和犯罪学界热点问题纷呈 中考加分乱象纷呈：汉族学生考前称自己是回族 挑战纷呈不断，每个决定都可能让团队走向成功或失败 之後新興樂派紛呈並起， 但各國的詩文特色卻在類似的體裁中紛呈。 各種歷史觀點在快速流通的資訊中紛呈， 有人則強調加速技術創新，努力追趕世界潮流，意見紛呈中爭議較少的是，研發由纖維素提煉酒精。 在中外經典紛呈的時代，... |
| Diff: |
- 紛呈 纷呈 [fen1 cheng2] /brilliant and varied/(often in the combination 精彩紛呈|精彩纷呈[jing1 cai3 fen1 cheng2])/ + 紛呈 纷呈 [[fen1cheng2]] /to appear in profusion; to abound/ |
| Change log entry 97244 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 16:01:41 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87996 - submitted by 'polaris' >> Attap chee (Chinese: 亞答子; pinyin: yà dá zǐ) (chee meaning "seed" in several Chinese dialects) is a name for the immature fruits—sweet, translucent, gelatinous balls used as a dessert ingredient in Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore, that are a byproduct of the sap harvesting process. |
| Diff: |
# 亞答子 亚答子 [[ya4da2zi3]] /atap seed; attap chee/ # Editor: + 亞答子 亚答子 [[ya4da2zi3]] /attap seed; attap chee/ |
| Change log entry 97243 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 15:57:22 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87152 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 腻虫 nìchóng @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈名〉蚜虫的通称。 蚜虫 yáchóng @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈名〉昆虫，身体小，卵圆形，绿色、黄色或棕色，腹部大。吸食植物的汁液，是农业害虫。种类很多，如棉蚜、烟蚜、高粱蚜等。通称腻虫。 |
| Diff: |
- 蚜蟲 蚜虫 [ya2 chong2] /greenfly (Aphis spp.)/aphid/ # + 蚜蟲 蚜虫 [[ya2chong2]] /aphid; greenfly; aphis/ # + 膩蟲 腻虫 [[ni4chong2]] /aphid; greenfly; aphis/ # Editor: + 蚜蟲 蚜虫 [[ya2chong2]] /aphid/ + 膩蟲 腻虫 [[ni4chong2]] /aphid/ |
| Change log entry 97242 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 15:38:35 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88558 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 墙裙 qiángqún @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈名〉加在室内墙壁下半部起装饰和保护作用的表面层，用水泥、瓷砖、木板等材料做成。一般高1—2米。也叫墙围子。 牆裙 qiáng qún @ 《重編國語辭典修訂本》 大陸地區指加在室內牆面或柱身下部的表面層。常用木材、瓷磚或大理石等貼面材料做成，用以保護牆壁，也便於清洗，並有裝飾作用。也稱為「護壁」。 |
| Diff: |
牆裙 墙裙 [[qiang2qun2]] /dado; wainscot/ |
| Change log entry 97241 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 15:26:16 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88956 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 国计民生 guójì-mínshēng @ 《现代汉语词典》 国家经济和人民生活。 |
| Diff: |
# 國計民生 国计民生 [[guo2ji4-min2sheng1]] /national economy and people's livelihood/ # Editor: + 國計民生 国计民生 [[guo2ji4-min2sheng1]] /(idiom) national economy and people's livelihood/ |
| Change log entry 97240 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 14:52:09 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 87997 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 水椰（学名：Nypa fruticans）又名亚答树（马来语：atap，意为“屋顶”[注 1]），棕榈科植物，自成一个单种属，生长在热带沼泽潮间带，也是棕榈科唯一的水生物种。 |
| Diff: |
# 水椰 水椰 [[shui3ye1]] /Nypa fruticans/ # Editor: + 水椰 水椰 [[shui3ye1]] /nipa palm (Nypa fruticans)/ |
| Change log entry 97239 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | kbaiko (2026-08-22 14:14:23 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89046 - submitted by 'cws' >> changed `variant of 瞭|了[liao3]` to `see 瞭|了[liao3]` 瞭 了 [[liao3]] /(bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly/ 了 了 [[liao3]] /to finish/(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4bu5liao3] "cannot forget")/(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least/variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ From the definition above, 了[liao3] is a variant of 瞭[liao3]. However, we have this definition: 瞭解 了解 [[liao3jie3]] /variant of 了解[liao3jie3]/ 瞭[liao3] cannot be a variant of 了[liao3] though. 瞭[liao3] has one meaning as compared to 了[liao3] with four meanings/uses. Add to the fact that 了[liao3] was existing for centuries, it appears that 瞭[liao3] is a modern creation ===== Inquiry from Gemini 瞭 了 [[liao3]] /(bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly/ 了 了 [[liao3]] /..other definitions are stripped../variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ 瞭解 了解 [[liao3jie3]] /variant of 了解[liao3jie3]/ but how come 瞭解 is a variant of 了解? why not 了解 is a variant of 瞭解? Gemini's answer: 了解 is the primary, standard form because the simple character 了 (liǎo) independently carries the historical meaning of "clear" or "to understand," predating the use of the more complex 瞭 in this context. Rather than 了解 being a "simplified" or lazy version of 瞭解, the reverse is closer to the truth: 瞭解 is an elaborated, visually-specific offshoot of the original word. The Original Meaning of 了 While most learners first encounter 了 as a grammatical particle (le) or a verb for finishing (liǎo, as in 完了), classical Chinese also used 了 to mean "clear" or "understood." You can see this preserved in idioms like 了然於心 (liǎorán yú xīn - to understand clearly in one's heart). Because of this, 了解 has been the correct and logical way to write the word for centuries. The Creation of 瞭 The character 瞭 was created later by adding the "eye" radical (目). It was originally designed to describe physical eyesight—specifically "to look from afar" (瞭望, liàowàng) or "bright, clear vision." Because the concepts of "seeing clearly" and "understanding clearly" overlap conceptually, writers gradually started substituting 了 with 瞭 to emphasize mental clarity through a visual metaphor. Official Standardization Dictionary maintainers (like CC-CEDICT) list 了解 as the main entry and 瞭解 as the variant because both major modern standardization bodies agree: Traditional Chinese (Taiwan/Hong Kong): The Taiwan Ministry of Education's official dictionary explicitly designates 了解 as the orthodox, standard form. 瞭解 is accepted in daily writing but is technically classified as a variant. Simplified Chinese (Mainland China): During the character simplification process in the 20th century, the liǎo pronunciation of 瞭 was officially merged back into the simpler 了 to reduce stroke counts. In mainland China today, 了解 is the only correct form, and 瞭 is strictly reserved for the liào pronunciation (like looking from a watchtower). ---------- Editor: Please don't paste a large section of AI-generated text into the change log comment. For one, I don't completely trust AI when it comes to Chinese etymology (at least, not yet). If you want to talk about Chinese etymology, I'm going to ask you provide a non-AI source. Or at least, use a Chinese model. Second, and more importantly, AI does not understand the intricacies of the CC-CEDICT format. Asking AI about CC-CEDICT syntax is pretty pointless unless you also provide our entire formatting guide on the wiki as context. Speaking of that, I suggest reading our wiki page on references: https://cc-cedict.org/wiki/references "see" - use this when the definitions are the same "variant of" - use this instead of "see" when the pinyin is also the same ----- >If 瞭[liao3] were to be documented as a visual variant of 瞭|了[liao3] entry, how it should be defined in CC-CEDICT? We won't do that. There is no 瞭[liao3] entry (only 瞭[liao4] and 瞭|了[liao3]) and I don't know what a "visual variant" is. >Are there other kinds of these variants? Where the variant+pronunciation can only be substituted for one very specific meaning from a character+pronunciation with multiple meanings Yes there are many. For example, 餽 馈 [[kui4]] /(literary) to make an offering to the gods/variant of 饋|馈[kui4]/ 饋 馈 [[kui4]] /(bound form) to present (a gift)/(bound form) to send; to transmit/ |
| Diff: |
# - 了 了 [[liao3]] /to finish/(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4bu5liao3] "cannot forget")/(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least/variant of 瞭|了[liao3]/ # + 了 了 [[liao3]] /to finish/(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4bu5liao3] "cannot forget")/(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least/see 瞭|了[liao3]/ |
| Change log entry 97238 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 08:27:42 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 88937 - submitted by 'kbaiko' >> proper noun? Add "idiom" to the matchmaker sense --------- Editor: I think this is what we ended up agreeing to. |
| Diff: |
- 月老 月老 [[yue4lao3]] /(Chinese folk religion) god of marriage/matchmaker/ # + 月老 月老 [[yue4lao3]] /matchmaker/ # + 月老 月老 [[Yue4 lao3]] /(Chinese folk religion) god of marriage/ - 月下老人 月下老人 [[yue4xia4 lao3ren2]] /(Chinese folk religion) god of marriage/matchmaker/ # + 月下老人 月下老人 [[yue4xia4-lao3ren2]] /(idiom) matchmaker/ # + 月下老人 月下老人 [[Yue4xia4 lao3ren2]] /(Chinese folk religion) god of marriage/ 月老 月老 [[yue4lao3]] /(Chinese folk religion) the god of matchmaking/(fig.) matchmaker/ 月下老人 月下老人 [[yue4xia4 lao3ren2]] /(Chinese folk religion) the god of matchmaking/(idiom) matchmaker/ 月下老兒 月下老儿 [[yue4xia4 lao3r5]] /see 月下老人[yue4xia4 lao3ren2]/ |
| Change log entry 97237 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 08:23:33 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 粉紅色 粉红色 [fen3 hong2 se4] /pink/ + 粉紅色 粉红色 [[fen3hong2se4]] /pink/ |
| Change log entry 97236 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 08:11:28 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 殺馬特 杀马特 [sha1 ma3 te4] /Chinese subculture of young urban migrants, usually of low education, with exaggerated hairstyles, heavy make-up, flamboyant costumes, piercings etc (loanword from "smart")/ + 殺馬特 杀马特 [[sha1ma3te4]] /Chinese youth subculture associated esp. with young migrant workers, characterized by flamboyant hairstyles and clothing, heavy makeup, piercings etc (loanword from "smart")/ |
| Change log entry 97235 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 08:05:18 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 黛 黛 [dai4] /umber-black dye for painting the eyebrow/ + 黛 黛 [[dai4]] /(literary) dark pigment traditionally used to paint the eyebrows/ |
| Change log entry 97234 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 08:01:08 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 眉黛 眉黛 [mei2 dai4] /eyebrows (with umber black make-up)/ + 眉黛 眉黛 [[mei2dai4]] /(literary) eyebrows painted with black pigment/ |
| Change log entry 97233 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:53:40 UTC) |
| Comment: | makeup |
| Diff: |
- 化妝師 化妆师 [[hua4zhuang1shi1]] /make-up artist/(fig.) spin doctor; reputation manager/ + 化妝師 化妆师 [[hua4zhuang1shi1]] /makeup artist/(fig.) spin doctor; reputation manager/ |
| Change log entry 97232 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:52:51 UTC) |
| Comment: |
<< review queue entry 89043 - submitted by 'polaris' >> 补妆 bǔ//zhuāng @ 《现代汉语词典》 〈动〉对化过的妆进行修补。 |
| Diff: |
# 補妝 补妆 [[bu3zhuang1]] /to touch up one's make-up; to fix one's make-up/ 補妝 补妆 [[bu3zhuang1]] /to touch up one's makeup/ |
| Change log entry 97231 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:47:51 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 苯乙烯 苯乙烯 [ben3 yi3 xi1] /Styrene/ + 苯乙烯 苯乙烯 [[ben3yi3xi1]] /(chemistry) styrene/ |
| Change log entry 97230 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:45:49 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 烯烴 烯烃 [xi1 ting1] /olefine/alkene (chemistry)/ + 烯烴 烯烃 [[xi1ting1]] /(chemistry) alkene/ |
| Change log entry 97229 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:42:32 UTC) |
| Comment: | v2 |
| Diff: |
- 烯 烯 [xi1] /alkene/ + 烯 烯 [[xi1]] /(chemistry) alkene; -ene (suffix used in chemical names)/ |
| Change log entry 97228 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:23:07 UTC) |
| Comment: |
GV 苧烯 24k 柠檬烯 117k https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%9F%A0%E7%83%AF |
| Diff: |
- 薴烯 苧烯 [ning2 xi1] /(chemistry) limonene/ + 薴烯 苧烯 [[ning2xi1]] /(chemistry) limonene/ + 檸檬烯 柠檬烯 [[ning2meng2xi1]] /(chemistry) limonene/ + 檸烯 柠烯 [[ning2xi1]] /(chemistry) limonene/ |
| Change log entry 97227 | |
|---|---|
| Processed by: | richwarm (2026-08-22 07:13:11 UTC) |
| Comment: |
v2 As far as I can determine, the sense "used in 薺薴|荠苧[ji4ning2]" is lexically unrelated to the "limonene" sense, even though the plant can happen to contain some limonene. |
| Diff: |
- 薴 苧 [ning2] /(used as a bound form in 薴烯|苧烯[ning2 xi1], limonene)/tangled/in disarray/ + 薴 苧 [[ning2]] /limonene/used in 薺薴|荠苧[ji4ning2]/(literary) tangled; in disarray/ |
Navigation: ◀ ━ ▶