| Change log entry 80147 | |
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| Processed by: | goldyn_chyld (2023-10-18 18:46:31 UTC) |
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<< review queue entry 74626 - submitted by 'richwarm' >> "eugenics" suggests that methods such as the following are involved: - selective breeding - sterilization of individuals deemed "unfit" for reproduction - marriage restrictions etc. whereas 优生 is often specifically about screening for prenatal abnormalities (and abortion when considered advisable): 众所周知，畸胎检查是防止生出畸形儿，实现优生的有效措施。 * * * More examples: 台大醫院優生保健部主任柯滄銘指出，人類大約有十萬個基因，而每個人身上都有五到十個不正常的基因，萬一碰巧男、女雙方在同一個基因有缺陷，就會導致下一代出現基因異常的罕見疾病。 Dr. Ko Tsang-ming, director of the Department of Medical Genetics at NTUH, explains that the human genome contains some 100,000 genes, and every person has some five to ten abnormal ones. If both the man and the woman in a couple happen to have a defect in the same gene, this may lead to a genetic disorder in their offspring. 在「優生保健法」的庇護下，目前墮胎在台灣是「有條件」的合法。不過，早在合法化之前，台灣婦女以這種「非法」手段來終止意外懷孕已行之有年。 Under the Genetic Health Law (GHL), abortion is now legal in Taiwan under certain conditions. But long before abortion was legalized, Taiwanese women resorted to this procedure to put an end to an unwanted pregnancy. 民國七十四年優生保健法實施後，墮胎人數更是大幅向上攀升。 After the GHL was enacted in 1985, the number of women who had abortions rose sharply. 優生保健法可以說是讓台灣墮胎合法化的「法外開恩法」。法條中除了羅列罹患有遺傳性、傳染性、精神疾病，或因懷孕分娩危及身體精神健康，以及胎兒畸形、受姦懷孕等因素得以墮胎外，第九條第六款──「因懷孕或生產將影響其心理健康或家庭生活者亦得實施人工流產」──更被指為是「放水條款」，因為幾乎所有人都可以適用這條寬鬆規定來進行合法的墮胎，因而有人笑稱台灣此法為「原則是少數，例外是絕大多數」。 The law permits abortion in the event of hereditary or infectious disease, mental illness, a risk that childbirth will cause physical or mental harm, a deformed fetus, or rape. Article 9 Subparagraph 6 states that women for whom pregnancy or childbirth are likely to cause psychological harm or whose family life may be adversely affected, are entitled to have an induced abortion. This provision is popularly seen as an "escape clause," because it is so broad that it allows almost every woman to have a legal abortion. 藉由胚胎的基因篩檢，現代醫學已能將生產過程中的不確定性與不良率減到最低。不過，這種「人擇」的優生思考，也引發部分人士違反自然、違背上帝旨意的疑慮。 Genetic screening of embryos has allowed modern medical science to reduce congenital defects, and uncertainty about them, to a minimum. But some people have misgivings that such artificial selection, which smacks of eugenics, goes against nature and the will of God. 和台灣向來引以為傲的精密「育種」不同，「自家採種」是仰靠自然的力量，為植物作優生、選種的工作。林義隆指出，別以為植物沒有智慧，其實它們相當聰明，會將生活環境記憶在種子的基因裡，繁衍數代後，便能發展出適合當地生態與風土氣候的特性。這類自然演化出來的作物，擁有強韌的生命力，對病蟲害的抵抗力相對增強。 Unlike the manipulative precision of plant hybridization, a field in which Taiwan excels, natural farming relies on nature's power, giving plants the job of natural selection. Lin argues that one shouldn't think of plants as lacking wisdom. In fact, they are quite intelligent and carry memories of the environment in their genes. After propagating for a number of generations, they produce special characteristics that better suit them to the local ecology and climate. These naturally evolved plants are very hardy and have strong resistance to pests and disease. 1999年，優生保健法修訂後，畸形兒、遺傳疾病（如地中海型貧血）和基因突變疾病（如唐氏症），都可以透過產前篩檢、告知並由當事人自主抉擇的方式來避免「生命的悲劇」。然而另一方面，因醫療技術的發達，過去巴掌大、註定夭折的早產兒，卻又能一一存活下來，只是體重低於1,500公克的巴掌兒，因身體器官尚未成熟，容易產生呼吸道、聽力、視網膜、神經等多重病變，而「後患無窮」。 The Genetic Health Act of 1999 allowed prenatal screening for deformities, hereditary diseases (such as thalassemia), and genetic diseases (such as Down's syndrome). It also gave parents the authority to choose to "prevent a human tragedy." Meanwhile, medical technological progress has allowed tiny babies of less than 1.5 kilograms to survive. Yet, because their organs are not fully mature, they frequently suffer from problems with the respiratory tract, hearing, retina, and nervous system. Future medical troubles are a certainty. 然而，正如德國納粹藉「優生」為名行猶太滅族之實的殷鑑不遠，在台灣，「族群」二字也容易牽動情緒反應與政治敏感神經，即便在強調客觀理性的醫學領域，也同樣難以避免。 Just as the word "eugenics" evokes memories of Nazi exterminations, in Taiwan, the words "ethnic group" can easily spark emotional responses and touch sensitive political nerves. This is hard to avoid even if one stresses that this is based on objective, reasonable science. |
| Diff: |
- 優生 优生 [you1 sheng1] /eugenics/outstanding student/ + 優生 优生 [you1 sheng1] /outstanding student/to give birth to healthy babies (typically involving prenatal screening and the abortion of offspring with a severe abnormality)/to enhance the genetic quality of a population; eugenics/ |