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- 十三經 十三经 [shi2 san1 jing1] /the Thirteen Confucian Classics - namely: Book of Songs 詩經|诗经, Book of History 尚書|尚书, Rites of Zhou 周禮|周礼, Rites and Ceremonies 儀禮|仪礼, Classic of Rites 禮記|礼记, Book of Changes 周易|周易, Mr Zuo's Annals 左傳|左传, Mr Gongyang's Annals 公羊傳|公羊传, Mr Gu Liang's Annals 谷梁傳|谷梁传, The Analects 論語|论语, Erya 爾雅|尔雅, Classic of Filial Piety 孝經|孝经, Mencius 孟子|孟子/

- 四個現代化 四个现代化 [si4 ge4 xian4 dai4 hua4] /Deng Xiaoping's four modernizations practiced from the 1980s (possibly planned together with Zhou Enlai), namely modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology/abbr. to 四化/

- 北宋四大部書 北宋四大部书 [Bei3 Song4 si4 da4 bu4 shu1] /Four great compilations of Northern Song dynasty, namely Extensive records of the Taiping era (978) 太平廣記|太平广记, Imperial readings of the Taiping era 太平御覽|太平御览, Prime tortoise of the record bureau 冊府元龜|册府元龟, Finest blossoms in the garden of literature 文苑英華|文苑英华/

- 四大盆地 四大盆地 [si4 da4 pen2 di4] /four great basin depressions of China, namely Tarim 塔里木盆地 in south Xinjiang, Jungar 準葛爾盆地|准葛尔盆地 and Tsaidam or Qaidam 柴達木盆地|柴达木盆地 in north Xinjiang Sichuan 四川盆地/

- 三伏 三伏 [san1 fu2] /three periods forming the hottest periods of summer, from mid-July to mid-August, namely 初伏 (mid-July), 中伏 (late July to early August), 末伏 (mid-August)/

- 宋四家 宋四家 [Song4 si4 jia1] /four famous Song calligraphers - namely Su Shi 蘇軾|苏轼, Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅|黄庭坚, Mi Fei 米芾 and Cai Xiang 蔡襄/

- 五涼 五凉 [Wu3 Liang2] /the five Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely Former Liang 前涼|前凉 (314-376), Later Liang 後涼|後凉 (386-403), Northern Liang 北涼|北凉 (398-439), Southern Liang 南涼 (397-414), Western Liang 西涼|西凉 (400-421)/

- 直轄市 直辖市 [zhi2 xia2 shi4] /municipality, namely Beijing 北京, Tianjin 天津, Shanghai 上海 and Chongqing 重慶|重庆, the first level administrative subdivision/province level city/also called directly governed city/

- 五代 五代 [wu3 dai4] /Five dynasties (in different contexts, from mythology through to Han and the interregnum between Han and Tang)/the five dynasties forming the interregnum between Tang and Song (936-947) - namely Later Liang 后梁, Later Tang 后唐, Later Jin 后晋, Later Han 后汉, Later Zhou 后周/

- 五胡 五胡 [Wu3 Hu2] /five non-Han people, namely Huns or Xiongnu 匈奴, Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑, Jie2 羯, Di1 氐, Qiang1 羌, esp. in connection with the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 五胡十六國|五胡十六国/

- 四大名著 四大名著 [si4 da4 ming2 zhu4] /the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature, namely A Dream of Red Mansions 紅樓夢|红楼梦, Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义, Water Margin 水滸傳|水浒传, Journey to the West 西游記|西游记/

- 元曲四大家 元曲四大家 [Yuan2 qu3 si4 da4 jia1] /Four great Yuan dramatists, namely Guan Hanqing 關漢卿|关汉卿, Zheng Guangzu 鄭光祖|郑光祖, Ma Zhiyuan 馬緻遠|马致远 and Bai Pu 白樸|白朴/