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+ 董仲舒 董仲舒 [Dong3 Zhong4 shu1] /Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BC), philosopher influential in establishing Confucianism as the established system of values of former Han dynasty/

+ 舉賢良對策 举贤良对策 [ju3 xian2 liang2 dui4 ce4] /Treatise 134 BC by Han dynasty philosopher Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒/

+ 固有 固有 [gu4 you3] /intrinsic to sth/inherent/

+ 儒家 儒家 [Ru2 jia1] /Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子 (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子 (c. 372-c. 289 BC)/

+ 商鞅 商鞅 [Shang1 Yang1] /Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC), legalist philosopher and important statesman of Qin state 秦國|秦国 whose militaristic reforms in 356 and 350 BC played a key role in establishing Qin power/

+ 法家 法家 [Fa3 jia1] /Legalist school of philosophy in pre-Han times, including Shang Yang 商鞅 and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子/

+ 道家 道家 [Dao4 jia1] /Daoist school or religion of Laozi or Lao-tze 老子 (c. 500 BC) and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子 (369-286 BC)/

+ 著書立說 著书立说 [zhu4 shu1 li4 shuo1] /to write a book advancing one's theory (成语 saw)/

+ 論戰 论战 [lun4 zhan4] /to debate/to contend/polemics/

+ 與時俱進 与时俱进 [yu3 shi2 ju1 jin4] /abreast of modern developments/to keep up with the times/progressive/timely/

+ 與時消息 与时消息 [yu3 shi2 xiao1 xi5] /variable with the times/transient/impermanent/

+ 仰屋興嘆 仰屋兴叹 [yang3 wu1 xing1 tan4] /to stare at the ceiling in despair/to find no way out/nothing you can do about it/at the end of one's wits/

+ 仰屋 仰屋 [yang3 wu1] /to lie looking at the ceiling (in despair)/