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Change log entry 69470
Processed by: richwarm (2020-03-22 00:14:47 GMT)
Comment: << review queue entry 64084 - submitted by 'sl89' >>
* It seems universally translated as “initiative”, except (sometimes) when not used in a military context — examples below.

【Wenlin】
n. right to take the initiative

【规范词典】
名 使事情能按照自己的意图进行的有利形势
| 掌握主动权

【现代汉语大词典】
能按自己意图行事的有利局面。
| 一切战争的敌我双方, 都力争在战场、战地、战区以至整个战争中的主动权。(毛泽东《抗日游击战争的战略问题》)

【Military Mandarin Lexicon】
initiative; freedom of initiative.
| 夺取和保持主动权 (seize and maintain the initiative).


国际部队的合作下,我们已开始在我国的 一些关键地区从塔利班手中夺回主动权。
In partnership with the international forces, we have begun to take back the initiative from the Taliban in some key parts of the country.

主动权被匈牙利总参谋部队从他手中夺去了。
The initiative was wrested from him by the Hungarian General Staff.

这种富有进取精神的竞选活动,使罗斯福又取得了似乎已经失去的主动权。
The aggressive campaign gave Roosevelt the initiative that he had seemingly lost.

军队失掉了主动权,被逼处于被动地位,这个军队就不自由,就有被消灭或被打败的危险。
Any army which, losing the initiative, is forced into a passive position and ceases to have freedom of action, faces the danger of defeat or extermination.

游击队的主动权,在敌人举行数路围攻的场合,是难于掌握和容易丧失的。
When the enemy is making a converging attack from several directions, a guerrilla unit can exercise initiative only with difficulty and can lose it all too easily.

* Non-military usage:

如果没有更具创造性的思维和更灵活的行动,曼谷将会面临失去主动权的危险。
Without more creative thinking and deft action, Bangkok risks losing the initiative.

该计划不是等待捐资者提出项目建议,而是掌 握 主动权 , 正 在制定一份 以后向捐资者建议的高度优先项目清单。
Rather than waiting for donors to suggest projects, this programme seizes the initiative, and develops a list of high priority projects that are then suggested to donors.

传统上,孩子们都将教师和家长视为学习的源泉;Marvell SMILE Plug等互联性设备使学生能掌握学习的 主动权 , ” 加州桑尼维尔市Ellis小学五年级老师Claudia Olaciregui说。
Children have traditionally looked to teachers and parents as sources for learning; connected devices like the Marvell SMILE Plug empower students to take their education into their own hands,” said Claudia Olaciregui, a fifth-grade teacher at Ellis Elementary School in Sunnyvale, Calif.

企业要有主动权、机动权,如用人多少,要增加点什么,减少点什么,应该有权处理。
Enterprises should have the right to make their own decisions and act independently.For instance, they should have the right to decide how many people they will employ and what should be increased or reduced.
---------------------------------------

Editor:
As a definition, "initiative" is problematic. First, it can mean several things. Second, the specific sense that's relevant here isn't even defined in some English dictionaries, such as
https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=initiative
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/initiative

[One dictionary that *does* define this specific sense is Encarta (sense #4): "favorable position that allows somebody to take preemptive action or control events". ]

Adding the label (initiative) doesn't make it entirely clear either, I feel.


More examples (TP) ~
「台灣在國際政治上一直是價格接受者,並非掌有主動權的價格領導者,往往別人出什麼樣的價,我們就得照單全收,而我們過去也花了很多包括政治、人力、經濟的代價才擁有今天的成果。」
"To date Taiwan has always been a price taker in international politics, not a price leader with the power to call the shots. Whatever price others set, we generally just have to take it or leave it, and we have paid a great deal in terms of political, human and economic resources to get where we are today."

「自創品牌在大陸是唯一的機會,」BIANCO總經理范怡文說,乍看之下,代理國外高知名度的產品比較容易,但事實上經營別人的品牌沒什麼利潤可言,且主動權完全不在自己手上,只是替別人「開路」而已。
Bianco president Coco Fang concurs with this opinion and says: "The only chance we have in mainland China is with own brand products." It may seem on the surface that the way to go is as agents for well known foreign products, but managing someone else's brand is not particularly profitable and firms have little freedom of action, having to make do with little more than paving the way for others.

搶回主動權
Taking back control

何東洪因此將近年來席捲全球的下載風潮,視為一種消費者從唱片業者處「搶回主動權」的文化運動。
Hence Ho sees the downloading craze that has swept the world in recent years as a cultural movement by users to reclaim autonomy from record companies.

「永遠要當領頭者,不要當追隨者,領頭才有主動權,否則只能被動回應。」陳嘉鐘說,創新就像在衝浪,如果不站在趨勢之前,就只能被淹沒。
“It’s always better to be a leader than a follower. Only the leader can take the initiative. Otherwise you’re forced to respond to others’ actions,” says Chen. Innovation is like surfing: if you don’t keep on top of the wave, you’ll go under.

策劃活動的教導主任薛妙貞指出,讓孩子站在講台上教學,老師則排排坐當搗蛋學生,刻意重現教室裡各種令人傷腦筋的情節,不僅讓學生掌有學習主動權,也能體會老師的難處。
Xue Miao­zhen, the teacher responsible for planning the activity, pointed out that giving students the opportunity to stand at the front of the classroom and teach while teachers misbehaved at students’ desks intentionally upended conceptions about the classroom, offering students both a multi­layered learning experience and a better understanding of the challenges that teachers face.
Diff:
# 主動權 主动权 [zhu3 dong4 quan2] /(military) initiative/
+ 主動權 主动权 [zhu3 dong4 quan2] /initiative (as in "seize the initiative")/advantageous position that allows one to call the shots/
By MDBG 2024
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