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Change log entry 73492
Processed by: richwarm (2021-09-04 05:01:59 GMT)
Comment: << review queue entry 69197 - submitted by 'ekliao' >>
aerosol is commonly the translation for 氣膠 or 氣溶膠, while droplet is 飛沫
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Editor: examples ~

1) Coughing and sneezing.

以這次腸病毒疫情為例,公衛學者們確定,腸病毒的傳染途徑主要是經由糞口傳播,少數則經由飛沫傳染,於是宣導民眾減少出入公共場所、徹底洗手,進而關閉游泳池、幼稚園、托兒所等可能傳播疾病的場所。
In the recent enterovirus case, public health scholars were certain that the main channel of transmission of the disease was through fecal and oral transmission. It was rarely transmitted through the air. Thus they instructed people to avoid public places, and to thoroughly wash their hands. Also, swimming pools, kindergartens, nursery schools, and other likely locations for the spread of illness were closed.

Infectious diseases and their means of transmission
愛滋病: 性接觸、血液傳染、母子垂直感染
AIDS: Sexual contact, blood infection, mother-to-child transmission
退伍軍人症: 飛沫傳染
Legionnaires' disease: Airborne droplets

除了病原有待研究,病毒散播的模式,也仍眾說紛紜。有學者說是經由飛沫傳染,有專家說是空氣傳染,此外,體液、性行為、排泄物等等,也都被懷疑具有感染力。
There are divergent theories on how the [SARS] virus spreads. Some experts say it spreads through droplets and others contend that it can be airborne, while bodily fluids and sexual activity are other suspected forms of infection.

也開始藉著「飛沫傳染」或「手口傳染」(手碰到患者口鼻或糞便等分泌物後,又吃進嘴裡,或滲入眼、鼻等黏膜表面,至於皮膚則沒有病毒的接受體,不易感染)等途徑,向外散播。
Thus the disease begins to spread via airborne droplets and physical contact. This occurs when one comes into contact with the oral and/or nasal secretions of the patient or with infected fecal matter and then touches the lining of one's own mouth, eyes or nose. There are no receptors on the skin itself, so becoming infected by skin contact is unlikely.

TB不像SARS那麼可怕,雖然兩者傳染途徑相同,都是經由飛沫傳染,但SARS是新種病毒,所有民眾對它都沒有抗體,而結核菌卻是非常古老的細菌,它的傳染性不強,即便感染,經過治療,也可以百分之百痊癒,不需要太過恐懼。
TB is less of a threat than SARS. Though both diseases have the same route of transmission-infection by airborne droplets-SARS is caused by a new pathogen, and the entire public lacks antibodies to it, while M. tuberculosis is a very ancient bacterium. TB is not highly contagious, and even if a person is infected, treatment can effect a complete cure. There is no need for panic.

感染途徑:
經由開放性結核病人的咳嗽、噴嚏、吐痰,所散佈於空氣中的含菌飛沫傳播。
Route of infection:
Through airborne droplets containing the bacterium and released into the air by the coughing, sneezing, or spitting of a tuberculosis patient.

結核病患完治之後,對結核病並無免疫力,其受感染的機率與一般人相同。因此,避免到陰暗潮濕而污穢的地方,避免與人近距離的飛沫接觸,保持最佳的身體狀況,增強免疫力等,是預防肺結核上身的不二法門。
After a tuberculosis victim has completed the treatment course, he does not possess immunity to tuberculosis and has the same chance of infection as the general population. Therefore, avoiding damp, dimly lit, unsanitary areas, as well as congregations of people at close quarters where there may be contact with airborne droplets of sputum, maintaining good general fitness, and strengthening the immune system are essential for preventing infection.


2) Droplets of acid (produced in the process of etching a metal plate).

為了追求線條深淺不同的蝕刻效果,腐蝕液又分成適合版面凹凸形狀及粗糙面蝕刻的強硝酸水、適合細點和細面蝕刻的弱硝酸水;對細線腐蝕有絕佳效果的鹽化第二鐵溶劑;適於腐蝕細點、細線、精細面的荷蘭酸(鹽酸)3種。其中,硝酸水又稱酸水,置入金屬板後,被腐蝕的部份會產生氣泡,這種氣體含有一氧化氮NO和二氧化氮NO2,長期吸入會傷害肺部和呼吸道,而酸水飛沫不僅會弄污、破損衣物,皮膚長期接觸也會發生病變,變得敏感而脆弱。
In order to create the effect of different depths of etched line, printmakers use three different broad categories of mordants to erode the metal. A strong nitric acid is suitable for creating rough, uneven surfaces; a weaker solution of nitric acid is used when more subtlety is required. For fine lines, ferric chloride is the best choice. Finally, for extremely precise, fine lines, hydrochloric acid, also known as Dutch mordant, is most common. After submerging the metal plate in the nitric acid, the part being eroded produces bubbles containing the pernicious compounds nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, which over long periods are damaging to the lungs and air passages. The acid itself can stain, burn holes in clothing, and induce skin irritation and disease.


3) Droplets blown off waves on the sea.
"spindrift: 浪花, 海浪飛沫"
Diff:
- 飛沫 飞沫 [fei1 mo4] /aerosol/spray/mist/splattered drops/spray from sneeze or saliva/
# + 飛沫 飞沫 [fei1 mo4] /droplet/spray/mist/splattered drops/spray from sneeze or saliva/
+ 飛沫 飞沫 [fei1 mo4] /airborne droplet/
By MDBG 2024
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