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--- syntax_v2 [2025/09/27 10:36] – Rearrange paragraphs kbaiko
+++ syntax_v2 [2025/09/27 10:52] (current) – Add bound form link, update punctuation sections kbaiko
@@ Line 174: / Line 174: @@
 ==== Bound forms ====
-A bound form is a morpheme that only appears as part of a larger expression. In English, bound forms tend to be prefixes or suffixes such as “-ly”, “-est”, “pre-”, “post-” etc and generally are not words by themselves. In Chinese however, characters can either be bound or free, and it can be difficult to determine which. Some characters can have multiple bound and multiple free senses.
+See [[bound_forms]]
-There are two types of bound forms in Chinese, those with meanings and those without.
+===== Punctuation =====
-=== Meaningful bound forms ===
-These are bound forms where a meaning can be assigned to the character. Oftentimes they appear in multiple words with the same meaning, but never by themselves. We indicate these by prefixing the sense with “(bound form)”.
+==== Middle dot ====
-For instance:
+Middle dots are often used for separating western names:
 <code>
-隘 隘 [[ai4]] /(bound form) narrow/(bound form) a defile; a narrow pass/
+大衛·艾登堡 大卫·艾登堡 [[Da4wei4 Ai4deng1bao3]] /David Attenborough (1926–), British naturalist and broadcaster/
 </code>
-is a bound form as you would not see 隘 alone when reading Chinese. It would always be accompanied by other characters such as 隘口, 隘路, 关隘, 狭隘 etc.
+Note: A middle dot was present within the pinyin in v1, but no longer used in v2. The v2 pinyin format allows us to clearly group the characters of the first name and last name, so the middle dot is no longer necessary.
-=== Meaningless bound forms ===
-These are bound forms where a meaning cannot be assigned to the character, usually because the character appears in a small number of words (usually just 1). Oftentimes these are the names of plants or animals, or terms used in literature. For these characters, the entry is simply “used in …”.
-For example:
-<code>
-鮟 𩽾 [an1] /used in 鮟鱇|𩽾𩾌[an1 kang1]/Taiwan pr. [an4]/
-鱇 𩾌 [[kang1]] /used in 鮟鱇|𩽾𩾌[an1kang1]/
-鮟鱇 𩽾𩾌 [an1 kang1] /anglerfish/
-</code>
-𩽾 and 𩾌 by themselves have no meaning, as they are always used with each other. 𩽾𩾌 is the anglerfish.
-A small number of meaningless bound forms are used in multiple words, in this case, all should be listed. When the words have the same or similar meaning, they should be combined into one sense, when the words have different meanings, they should be separated into different senses.
-Different senses
-<code>
-螞 蚂 [[ma3]] /used in 螞蟥|蚂蟥[ma3huang2]/used in 螞蟻|蚂蚁[ma3yi3]/
-蝲 蝲 [la4] /used in 蝲蛄[la4 gu3]/used in 蝲蝲蛄[la4 la4 gu3]/
-蛞 蛞 [[kuo4]] /used in 蛞螻|蛞蝼[kuo4lou2]/used in 蛞蝓[kuo4yu2]/
-猻 狲 [[sun1]] /used in 猢猻|猢狲[hu2sun1]/used in 兔猻|兔狲[tu4sun1]/
-</code>
-Same sense
-<code>
-箢 箢 [yuan1] /used in 箢箕[yuan1 ji1] and 箢篼[yuan1 dou1]/Taiwan pr. [wan3]/
-癔 癔 [[yi4]] /used in 癔病[yi4bing4] and 癔症[yi4zheng4]/
-咐 咐 [[fu4]] /used in 吩咐[fen1fu5] and 囑咐|嘱咐[zhu3fu5]/
-</code>
-An example of both
-<code>
-螂 螂 [[lang2]] /used in 螞螂|蚂螂[ma1lang2]/used in 蜣螂[qiang1lang2] and 虼螂[ge4lang2]/used in 螳螂[tang2lang2]/used in 蟑螂[zhang1lang2]/
-</code>
-===== Punctuation =====
-==== Middle dot ====
-Middle dots are often used for separating western names:\\
-珍・奧斯汀 珍・奥斯汀 [Zhen1 · Ao4 si1 ting1] /Jane Austen (1775-1817), English novelist/
-A double width middle dot is used in the Chinese, a single width middle dot padded with spaces on both sides is used in the pinyin.
 ==== Comma ====
 Commas are sometimes used in Chinese proverbs:
 <code>
-人為財死，鳥為食亡 人为财死，鸟为食亡 [[ren2 wei4 cai2 si3, niao3 wei4 shi2 wang2]] /Human beings die in pursuit of wealth, and birds die in pursuit of food/.../
+分久必合，合久必分 分久必合，合久必分 [[fen1jiu3-bi4he2, he2jiu3-bi4fen1]] /lit. that which is long divided must unify, and that which is long unified must divide (proverb, from Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义[San1guo2 Yan3yi4])/fig. things are constantly changing/
 </code>
-A **double width comma** is used in the Chinese. In the pinyin, **a single width comma followed by a space** is used.
+The comma within the Chinese characters should be the "fullwidth comma": ，. The comma within the pinyin should be the regular comma followed by a space.